{"id":987,"date":"2025-09-28T09:35:21","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=987"},"modified":"2025-09-28T09:57:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:57:05","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%91%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%91%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=987","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 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\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cultural heritage constitutes a fundamental pillar of Lebanese identity, where historical, religious, and artistic elements intertwine to form a unique civilizational mosaic. However, cultural tourism in Lebanon faces profound challenges due to globalization and the accelerating pace of digital transformations. This research analyzes the current state of Lebanese cultural tourism, highlighting challenges and opportunities, through a descriptive analytical approach supported by a recent literature review and a field case study of Deir El Qamar. It relies on updated academic sources and international reports to provide a contemporary perspective. The study concludes that smart strategies balancing cultural identity protection with mindful openness to global tourism are essential for sustainable development.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>cultural tourism, Lebanese identity, globalization, Deir El Qamar, sustainable tourism development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 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name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 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\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647<a href=\"#_ftn59\" name=\"_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a>. \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>2. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>3. \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>4. \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>5. \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648ICOMOS \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>2. \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li>4. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<a href=\"#_ftn60\" name=\"_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 &#8220;\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>-\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c (2002)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a(2018). Cultural Tourism and Contemporary Challenge \u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633. (2017). Politics and Tourism in the Arab World. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c (2010)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c (2021)\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c 18(2)\u060c 134\u2013149.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c (2005)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646 \u062c. (2011). Cultural Heritage and Tourism: An Introduction.\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c (2008)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c (2004)\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>-\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646. (2020). \u201c\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u201d. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 26(4)\u060c 471\u2013483.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0627\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632\u060c \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a (\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u0646). (2006). Cultural Tourism in a Changing World: Politics, Participation and (Re)Presentation. \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627. (2014). \u201c\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u201d. \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c \u060c \u0635 273\u2013288.<\/p>\n<p>-\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2015). \u201cSmart Tourism: Foundations and Developments\u201d. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 25(3)\u060c 179\u2013188.<\/p>\n<p>-\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. (2017). \u201cCreating Augmented Tourism Experiences with Technology\u201d. \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c 23\u060c 83\u201386.<\/p>\n<p>-\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0632\u064a. (2018).\u201cTourist Consumer Behavior: Concepts, Influences \u00a0and \u00a0Opportunities\u201d. \u00a0\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643. (1988). \u201cAuthenticity and Commoditization in Tourism\u201d. \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c 15(3)\u060c 371\u2013386.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646. (1976). The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0645\u0627\u0643\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062f. (1989). \u201cCulture by the Pound: An Anthropological Perspective on Tourism&#8217;s Commoditization of Culture\u201d. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0635 171\u2013185.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0647\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a. (1990). \u201cCultural Identity and Diaspora\u201d. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0635 222\u2013237.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c (2016)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648. (2019). Tourism and Culture for Sustainable Development in the MENA Region. \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c (2022)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c (2022)\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0640ICOMOS. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n<p>-\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c (2011)\u060c The Tourist Gaze 3.0\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u200e\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a <a href=\"mailto:Cynthianasr33@hotmail.com\">Cynthianasr33@hotmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u063a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635. 44<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2002\u060c \u0635 78.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 92.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 113.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 25.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2002\u060c \u0635 51.<\/p>\n<p>8\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u063a\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2005)\u060c \u0635 42.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 129.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651&#8221;. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0648\u0641: \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 1989\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 171\u2013185.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629&#8221;. \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 15\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635. 371-386.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629&#8221;. \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 15\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635377.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062a\u0627\u062a.&#8221; \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c 1990\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 222\u2013237.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0626\u062d: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635. 13.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0626\u062d: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635. 29.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0643\u0648. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 179\u2013188.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0643\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629&#8221;. \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f 15\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635375.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0633. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0626\u062d 3.0. \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062c\u060c 2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 19-18.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a.&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 182.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2022\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 55\u201356.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 133.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635 28.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 147.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 211.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635 65.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 91.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 145.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 117.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 189.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0633)\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2021\u060c \u0635 32.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 19.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 179\u2013180.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635.&#8221; \u0641\u064a: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u00a0\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 154.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 171,<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632\u060c \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.&#8221; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f 36\u060c 2018\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 12\u201314.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0628\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 152.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0626\u062d: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 1976\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 45-46.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 27.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 14.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2022\u060c \u0635 19.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635 42.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 93.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 165.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u060c 2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 104\u2013107.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u060c&#8221; \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 18\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2021\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 134\u2013149.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c&#8221; \u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u00a0\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u062f\u062c\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635 273.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 23\u060c 2017\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 83\u201386.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u063a\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 185.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 202.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c 2019\u060c \u0635 4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 26\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c 2020\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 471\u2013483.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c 2022\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 61\u201362.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632\u060c \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629&#8221; \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f 36\u060c 2018\u060c \u0635 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c&#8221; \u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635 226.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062d: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c 1976\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 50\u201352.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c 1999\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 86\u201387.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062a\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631: \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0630\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646: \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635 228.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629: \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u060c 2011\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 193\u2013195.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0632\u060c \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u060c 2006\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 216\u2013220.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 Cultural tourism in Lebanon between the continuity of identity and the challenges of globalisation: the case study of Deir El Qamar \u200e\u062f. \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631[1] Dr Cynthia Nasr \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 3\/ 5\/ 2025\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/ 5\/ 2025 \u200e \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-987","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-60"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/987","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=987"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":995,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/987\/revisions\/995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=987"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=987"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}