{"id":984,"date":"2025-09-28T09:32:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=984"},"modified":"2025-09-28T09:57:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:57:05","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%91-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%88%d8%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=984","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pragmatic Discourse in the Collection Two Faces and Other Faces<\/em> by Dorria Farhat<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Maha Hani Al-Musallami<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 14\/ 7\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 2\/ 8\/2025<\/p>\n

\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064d \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/p>\n

This study sheds light on the pragmatic discourse in Durriya Farhat\u2019s short story collection “Two Faces and Other Faces,” aiming to reveal how the author employs pragmatic phenomena to construct the condensed meaning of the very short story. The study addresses core phenomena, including speech acts, conversational implicature, and the role of context and presupposition, in addition to the mechanisms of irony, sarcasm, symbolism, and suggestion. The study adopts an applied pragmatic methodology, moving beyond structural analysis to delve into unspoken meanings.<\/p>\n

The analysis reveals that the brevity of the very short stories in the collection serves as a catalyst for employing condensed pragmatic mechanisms. The author masterfully utilizes speech acts, especially assertive and expressive ones, to present condensed scenes with deep psychological and social connotations. She also adopts conversational implicature as a fundamental pillar for constructing implicit meaning through the deliberate violation of cooperative principles, which compels the reader to actively participate in inferring the connotations. Moreover, context and presupposition play a vital role in intensifying meaning and guiding reception, while irony and symbolism enhance the sharpness of criticism and deepen the connotations related to the themes of duality and multiple masks.<\/p>\n

The findings demonstrate that the brevity of the stories in “Two Faces and Other Faces” is not merely a formal characteristic but a crucial factor that transforms the reader from a passive recipient into an active partner in the process of meaning construction and uncovering the multiple “faces” presented by the collection. This highlights the ability of this literary genre to create a profound impact with few words.<\/p>\n

Keywords<\/strong>: Pragmatic discourse, very short story, Dorria Farhat, speech acts, conversational implicature, context, presupposition, duality.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. I<\/strong>. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 (Pragmatics) \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645. (\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635. 45) \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. (\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644\u060c 1969).<\/p>\n

    \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

    \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (<\/strong>Speech Acts<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646 (J.L. Austin) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0644 (J.R. Searle)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. (1962, Austin,\u0635.12) \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651 (Locutionary Act): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (Illocutionary Act): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631).<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 (Perlocutionary Act): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u062d\u0627\u0643).<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062f\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

    \u06f2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 <\/strong>(<\/strong>Conversational Implicature<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633 (H.P. Grice) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 (Cooperative Principle) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628) \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0623\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 “\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643” \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629) \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 (\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/p>\n

    \u06f3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 (<\/strong>Context<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 (Linguistic Context): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0651 (Situational Context): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

    – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651 (Cognitive Context): \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626.<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651) \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

    \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 (<\/strong>Presupposition<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 ” \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0631” \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

    \u0665.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 (<\/strong>Implied Author and Imphied Reader<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a. \u0628\u0648\u062b (Wayne C. Booth) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0647. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

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      \u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649”<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649”\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/p>\n

      \u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Assertives): \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0632\u0647\u0648”: “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u062a… \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0648\u064b\u0627”. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0631\u062c) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646 “\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0648\u064b\u0627” \u064a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u062e\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629”: “\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629… \u0647\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627”. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0643\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627) \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0640 “\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627” \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”: “\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645… \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0647. \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647… \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.” \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u064f\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628) \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u064f\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646”: “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634.” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 (\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0639\u060c \u062d\u0635\u0644) \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Expressives): \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u0646\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d). \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0632\u0647\u0648”: “\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0647… \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064b”. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0629 (“\u0639\u0631\u0642”\u060c “\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647”) \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631”: “\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629.” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 (\u064a\u062d\u0633\u062f\u060c \u064a\u063a\u0628\u0637) \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641”: “\u062a\u0635\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647… \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629.” \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0646 (\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a”: “\u0633\u0631\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644. \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629.” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

      \u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Declarations): \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629). \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”: “\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.” \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627 (\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a) \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/p>\n

      \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629” \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646” \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u06f2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 (\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0621) \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 (\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629). \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n

      \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

      – \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0641\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651.<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n

      -\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0632\u0647\u0648”: “\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0639.”<\/p>\n

      – \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0647). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”: “\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.”<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651).<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631” \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u063a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631”: “\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629.”<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u0643).<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646”: “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631.”<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644” \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639. “\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631” \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629: \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u06f2. \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642<\/p>\n

      \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 (Context) \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642)\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0641)<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u0632\u0647\u0648”: “\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u062a… \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0648\u064b\u0627”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 “\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629” \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 (\u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0639) “\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u062a” \u0648\u0633\u0637 “\u0632\u062d\u0627\u0645”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0639\u064a \u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642” \u064a\u0634\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 “\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633” \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u062b\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>\n

      -\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 “\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629”: “\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629… \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631. “\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629” \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 “\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642” \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0639\u0644 “\u0646\u0632\u0641\u062a \u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627”\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”: “\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629… \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0647… \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631” \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629” \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651” \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0640 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      -\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641”: “\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646”. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641”\u060c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a”: “\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631… \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 “\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631) \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629” (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0645) \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

      * \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649:<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0632\u0647\u0648”: “\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u062a”. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 “\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062a” \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0648” \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629”: “\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0651\u0633\u0629”. \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 “\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641” \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”: “\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629”. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651” \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      -\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631”: “\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629”. \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629” \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0638\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 “\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a” \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646”: “\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634.” \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a” \u0643\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629” \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646”.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641”: “\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628… \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646. \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628.” \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646”. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n

      \u0664. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0623- \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 (Irony and Sarcasm):<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u062d\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641 (\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0631).<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d”: “\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631.” \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 “\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631” \u0628\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u063a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646”: “\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631.” \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0630\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 “\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646” \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631” \u0628\u0640 “\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634”. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641”: “\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0632\u0647\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647.” \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 “\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634” \u0628\u0640 “\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641” \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d”. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631”: “\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u063a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629.” \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      \u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621 (Symbolism and Suggestion):<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a”: “\u062d\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644. \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647. \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629.” “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a” \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629” \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0629”: “\u062e\u0644\u0639 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0638\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0645…” “\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0648”\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646” \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0645” \u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064d.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 “\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639”: ” \u0622\u0628\u062a \u0636\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062d”\u060c “\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062d” \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0651. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 ” \u062f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a ” \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n

      \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0630\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0642. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

      \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064d \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647” \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0651 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n

      \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n

      -\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c. \u0628\u061b\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c (\u0661\u0669\u0669\u0667). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong>. (\u0645. \u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0648 \u0645.\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646). \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f (\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0663).<\/p>\n

      -\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641. (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0667). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>. (\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0635. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0629.)\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n

      – \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623. (2010). \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b: \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c ( 25(3))\u060c 112-130.<\/p>\n

      – \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062c. (2005). \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      -\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639. \u0647\u0640. \u0628. \u0638. (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong>.. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n

      -\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645. (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0665). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n

      -\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d.\u0625. (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629<\/strong>. \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/p>\n

      – \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0633. (2020). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n

      – \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629. (2025). \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n

      -\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645. \u0623. (\u0662\u0660\u0660\u0662). \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

      -\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c. (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>. (\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

      -Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words.<\/em> Harvard University Press. –<\/p>\n

      – Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press<\/em>, 7(2), 295-326<\/p>\n

      –\u00a0 Searle, J. R., & Vanderveken, D. (1985). Foundations of illocutionary logic<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press<\/p>\n

      – Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In P. Cole & J. L. Morgan (Eds.), Syntax and semantics<\/em>, Vol. 3: Speech acts (pp. 41-58). Academic Press.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 “\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649” \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a Pragmatic Discourse in the Collection Two Faces and Other Faces by Dorria Farhat \u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a Maha Hani Al-Musallami \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 14\/ 7\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 2\/ 8\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-984","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-60"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/984","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=984"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":986,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/984\/revisions\/986"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}