{"id":978,"date":"2025-09-28T09:34:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=978"},"modified":"2025-09-28T09:57:05","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:57:05","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=978","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The Arab Society in the Early Islam Era: Between Prosperity and the Threat of the Jews<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/strong> <strong><sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Dr.Jouhayna Mahmoud Al Masri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 2\/ 7\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/ 7\/2025<\/p>\n<p><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 <\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u062a\u0652 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0652\u0633\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0647\u0627 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\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0643\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Abstract<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Economic and political life was not as regular in pre-Islamic Arab times as it became at the beginning of Islam, after its foundations were laid by the Noble Messenger (peace be upon him), and with the expansion of conquests and the flow of money from the countries that Islam spread with its light&#8230;<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">By adopting the historical approach that sheds light on environmental data and the factor of time; Through observation and analysis, this research reveals that this economic abundance that all Arabs were blessed with was not immune from the machinations of the polytheists and Jews who were hostile to Islam ever since its tidings came, and that it achieved relative justice among people regardless of their social classes and tribal affiliations. He united Islam among them. key words Economic foundations, Islam, the Messenger and the Companions, conquests, the Jews, breaking covenants, financial abundance, the immigrants and the Ansar, hardships and equality.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Economic foundations, Islam, the Prophet and his companions, conquests, Jews, broken covenants, financial abundance, immigrants and helpers, hardships and equality.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u0637 \u0661\u060c \u062c \u0661<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u060c( 1955\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0637 2.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1417\u0647\u0640 \/ 1997\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 ( 1387\u0647\u0640 )\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 1962 \u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c ( 2001\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637 4.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0667\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637 \u0662.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0666\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u062c \u0661.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a>([1]) \u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\/ \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Email: jouhayna.masri1234@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u00a0\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0635 87 \u2013 88.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a>([3]) \u00a0\u0645. \u0646.\u060c \u060c \u0635 88.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a>([4]) \u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>([5]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 73 \u2013 76.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a>([6]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 2\/ 81 \u2013 84. \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 1\/ 219 \u2013 229.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a>([7]) \u00a0\u062a\u0647\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0648\u064a\u060c 1\/271.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a>([8]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c 2\/ 56.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a>([9]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 120\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c 2\/ 172\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635 23.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>([10]) \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635 23 \u2013 24.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a>([11]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 176.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a>([12]) \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635 24.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a>([13]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 178.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a>\u00a0(([14] \u0645. \u0646.\u060c 2\/ 189 \u2013 190.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>([15]) \u00a0\u0645. \u0646.\u060c 2\/ 190.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>\u00a0([16]) \u0645. \u0646.\u060c 2\/ 239 \u2013 240.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a>([17]) \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635 37.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a>([18]) \u00a0\u0645. \u0646.\u060c \u0635 42 \u2013 43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a>([19]) \u00a0\u0645. \u0646.\u060c \u0635 47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a>([20]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 240 -242.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a>([21]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u062c2 \u060c \u0635 249.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a>([22]) \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635 36 \u2013 42.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a>([23]) \u00a0\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c 6\/ 172.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a>([24]) \u00a0\u0628\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 174 \u2013 176.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a>([25]) \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647 (\ufdfa( \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a 2 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u00a0 6 \u0647\u0640 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0651 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a>([26]) \u00a0\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0647: \u062c\u0630\u0628\u0647<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a>([27]) \u00a0\u0628\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629: \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0644: (\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b: \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u062b. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0627\u00a0 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a>([28]) \u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647: \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\"><\/a>([29]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c2 \u060c \u0635 176 \u2013 177.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\"><\/a>([30]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 3\/ 331 \u2013 337. \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c\u00a0 2\/ 425 \u2013 427.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\"><\/a>([31]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 160. \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0635\u00a0 102\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 104.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\"><\/a>([32]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646: \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\"><\/a>([33]) \u00a0\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0627: \u0623\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\"><\/a>([34]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0635 102 \u2013 104.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\"><\/a>([35]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c 2\/ 138.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\"><\/a>([36]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c 1\/ 238.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f The Arab Society in the Early Islam Era: Between Prosperity and the Threat of the Jews \u062f. \u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a ([1]) Dr.Jouhayna Mahmoud Al Masri \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 2\/ 7\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/ 7\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u00a0 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-978","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-60"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=978"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":992,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/978\/revisions\/992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=978"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=978"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=978"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}