{"id":951,"date":"2025-09-28T09:19:54","date_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=951"},"modified":"2025-09-28T09:56:55","modified_gmt":"2025-09-28T06:56:55","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8f%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%91%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b6%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=951","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Literary Identity and Civilizational Formation among Tunisian Writers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Fadhel ben hamida kathiri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06453\/ 6\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/ 6\/2025<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0650\u0631\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0635\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u061b \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0638\u0651\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0636 \u2013 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This study examines the issue of literary and intellectual identity among Tunisian writers based on the topics raised through the place as a homeland and the region as an extension and reflection of the cultural conflict between the self and the other in the relationship of the colonized with the colonized through imposing wills or installing narratives that legitimize this reality.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">In this context\u060c literary identity becomes variable as society itself changes\u060c especially if we look at the work of fiction in its monitoring of changes in society. Whether it is at the level of the individual\u060c the family\u060c or the fragmented awareness in the imagination of intellectual blocs; Which in some aspects reaches the point of conflict.\u00a0 Here lies the danger in narrowing the space of awareness in a nation that was supposed to accommodate everyone without exclusion.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The civilizational quest is accompanied by a linguistic contact\u060c a historical contact\u060c and a political contact\u060c but it did not produce a rousing formula that takes into account historical reference. In every event\u060c it regains the initiative in drawing the relationship between East and West\u060c between men and women\u060c between knowledge and progress on the one hand\u060c and pagan materialism and sacred ignorance on the other hand.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0629 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\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1972\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u00a0 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u060c\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062c:1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1972\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0633\u060c \u0637:1\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u0645<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637:3\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 199<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627: \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1956\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0637:1\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f: 120\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2005\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 : \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1994.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 2003.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1981\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f177\u060c \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 1414\u0647\u0640\/1993\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633. 2023.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1995\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c 1992\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1997\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c 1992\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Reference <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Annie Armandies\u00a0: (1938 ) Ie nouveau roman. Gallimard. Paris.<\/li>\n<li>A cogny: (1958 ) R\u00e9alisme et naturalisme . Hachette. paris.<\/li>\n<li>Bourga,francois\u00a0: (1995) islamisme en face , Edition la d\u00e9couverte , paris.<\/li>\n<li>A cogny: (1958 ) R\u00e9alisme et naturalisme . Hachette. paris.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>-Georges <\/strong>.Matore:1988 l espace humain .Publisher\u00a0 colombe .Paris<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631: \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637:3\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994\u060c \u0635: 374.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 : \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1994\u060c \u0635&#8221; 349.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c \u0635: 15.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f: \u0635: 123.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a:\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f177\u060c \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 1414\u0647\u0640\/1993\u0645\u060c\u0635:134.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1997\u0645\u060c \u0635:219.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u00a0 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0647\u060c\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062c:1\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1972\u0645\u060c \u0635: 226.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627: \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1956\u0645\u060c \u0635: 10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635: 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0635:396.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> J.Matore: l espace humain,P\u00a0:17.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> J.Matore: l espace humain,P\u00a0:110.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0635:51.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u062d\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 : \u0635: 58.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> J.Matore: l espace humain,P\u00a0:17<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u062d\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u060c \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f: \u0635: 51.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f : \u0635: 37.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f: \u0635: 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631: \u0635\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635: 25.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0635:68.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0635: 58.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0635: 48.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0635: 176.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 1995\u0645\u060c \u0635: 37.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0635\u0648\u064a\u0644\u062d\u060c \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644: \u0635: 12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0635: 107.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628: \u0635: 56.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0623\u0648\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a: \u0635:29.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628: \u0635: 60.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628: \u0635: 60.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628: \u0635: 60.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f: 120\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2005\u0645\u060c \u0635:45.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0646\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c 1992\u0645\u060c \u0635:54.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628: \u0635: 61.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a:\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u060c \u0635: 191.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646:\u00a0 \u0635: 74.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0635:22.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0635:22.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645: \u0635:36.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0637:1\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1991\u0645\u060c \u0635: 39.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0635: 39.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0635: 151.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0635: 152.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0635: 108.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0635: 150.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u0637\u0631\u0634\u0632\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f:\u00a0 \u0635: 56.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a: \u0635:19.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f:\u0643\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0635:55.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0635: 34.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631: \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0635:9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629: \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0635:8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0635: 31.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 : \u0635: 208.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0635: 154-155.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0628: \u0635:55.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u0637\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f: \u0635: 41.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u0637\u0631\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f: \u0635: 63.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646:\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c 1972\u0645\u060c \u0635: 35.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 Literary Identity and Civilizational Formation among Tunisian Writers \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a[1] Dr. Fadhel ben hamida kathiri \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u06453\/ 6\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/ 6\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u00a0 \u00a0 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u00a0 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":955,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[60],"class_list":["post-951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-60"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/951","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=951"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/951\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":962,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/951\/revisions\/962"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/955"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=951"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=951"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=951"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}