{"id":908,"date":"2025-06-25T14:56:09","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T11:56:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=908"},"modified":"2025-06-25T15:05:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:05:03","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=908","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cybercrime Between Action and Method<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abdel Hafiz Hilmi Saad<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 17\/3\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 7\/4\/2025<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u0628\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 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\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>This research addresses the topic of cybercrime, highlighting its nature and importance in light of the technological development witnessed worldwide. The research aims to understand the nature of these crimes, analyze their elements and characteristics, and review the relevant criminalization texts in the Penal Code.<\/li>\n<li>The research addresses in detail crimes affecting individuals, such as defamation and cyber harassment, and crimes affecting property, such as electronic fraud and hacking. It also addresses the technological means used to commit these crimes, such as the internet and computers.<\/li>\n<li>The research provides a comprehensive analysis of the elements of cybercrime, including the material and moral elements, and explains their characteristics. It also reviews the criminalization texts related to these crimes in the Penal Code and analyzes their adequacy in addressing the challenges posed by cybercrime.<\/li>\n<li>The research concludes that cybercrime is not a new crime, but rather a crime committed using modern means. This requires concerted efforts from all concerned parties to develop investigative methods to combat it and mitigate its negative effects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Keywords: Cybercrime &#8211; Computer &#8211; Penal Code<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u00a0\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 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\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 <\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"626\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635: \u0642\u0630\u0641 \u2013 \u0633\u0628\u0651 \u2013 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c2016 \u0645 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">1-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2007.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">2-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u2013 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2018.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">3-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u2013 2015.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">4-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c1993 .<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">5-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 513\/96 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 75\/1999 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 463\/2002 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 84\/1991 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 422\/2002 \u060c 2010 \u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">6-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u2013 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2\u060c\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c1974.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">7-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 ) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2007.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">8-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c 2011.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">9-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c\u00a0 \u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1416 \u0647\u060c 1996 \u0645.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">10-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0642\u0647\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u060c 1994.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">11-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c1967.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">12-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"588\">\u062f. \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 1983.<\/td>\n<td width=\"38\">13-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"39\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"588\">\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u060c\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 2002 \u2013 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a 10-12 \/2\/ 2002.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"639\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"37\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"602\">\u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0629 2012 <a href=\"https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/3841\">https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/3841<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong><u>\u00a0<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\/ \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\/ \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\/ \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a &#8211; \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 1993 \u2013 \u0635 28<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u2013 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2018- \u0635:17 \u0648 18 \/ \u062f. \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/platform.almanhal.com\/Search\/Result?q=%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a9+%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\">\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/a> &#8211; 2015\u2013 \u0635:1<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u2013 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635: \u0642\u0630\u0641 \u2013 \u0633\u0628\u0651 \u2013 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0651\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2013 2016 \u0645 \u2013 \u0635: 14<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 : \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u2013 2012 &#8211; \u0635: 2 \u0648 3 https:\/\/asjp.cerist.dz\/en\/article\/3841<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 2007\u060c \u0635 131.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 &#8211; \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u0625\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 2002 \u2013 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0638\u0628\u064a 10-12 \/2\/ 2002 \u0635 10 \u2013 13 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u2013 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 2011 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0635: 43 \u0648 44 \/ \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 &#8211; \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 ) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 2007 \u2013 \u0635: 31-32-33<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0642\u0647\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 1994 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0651 &#8211; \u0635: 173 &#8211; 174<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0635: 178<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u2013 \u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u2013 1416 \u0647 \u2013 1996 \u0645 \u2013 \u0635:\u00a0 200<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 &#8211; \u0645\u0635\u0631\u20131983-\u063590 \u0648\u0635111.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u062f. . \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0643\u064a &#8211; \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631-1967 \u2013 \u0635217<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062f. \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u2013 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 2 \u2013 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013 1974 \u2013 \u0635370.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 &#8211; \u0635: 17 \u0648 18 \u0648 19<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00a0\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 513\/96 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 75\/1999 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 463\/2002 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 84\/1991 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 422\/2002 \u2013 2010 \u2013 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0633\u0651\u0633 &#8211; \u0635 73<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 3 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0635: 79<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 5 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0635:81<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 6 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0635: 82<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00a0\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u2013 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 4 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0635: 55<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 3 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u2013 \u0635 92<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0630\u0629 1 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u2013 \u0635: 156<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0651 &#8211;\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 1 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u2013 \u0635: 163<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 Cybercrime Between Action and Method \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0638 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f[1] Abdel Hafiz Hilmi Saad \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 17\/3\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 7\/4\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,54],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-54","tag-59"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=908"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":915,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/908\/revisions\/915"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}