{"id":900,"date":"2025-06-25T14:53:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T11:53:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=900"},"modified":"2025-06-25T15:05:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:05:03","slug":"%d9%85%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%91%d9%87%d8%b6%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=900","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 969 \u2013 1172\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 969 \u2013 1172\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Manifestations of The he Scientific Renaissance in Egypt in The Fatimids (358-567 AH \/ 969-1172 AD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Faraj Saleh Al-Hamdo Al-Helal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623.\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/12\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 23\/12\/2024<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0645\u0635\u0631.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Fatimids paid great attention to theoretical sciences, especially those related to the Arabic language, as well as applied rational sciences, such as medicine, engineering, mathematics, philosophy, astronomy, chemistry, and botany, which the Fatimid caliphs gave great importance to, and which were the nucleus of the scientific revolution in Fatimid Egypt.<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 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\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1\u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 1982\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c10\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c 1980\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>2\u2013 \u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062f\u060c \u06373\u060c 1960\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>3\u2013 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>4\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a: \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a&#8221; (\u062a 845\u0647\u200d- 1442\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1418.<\/p>\n<p>5\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a: (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u062a 911\u0647\u200d\/ 1505\u0645)\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062f\u060c 1968\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1965\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>6\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u064a: (\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0648\u062a)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u06371\u060c 1993\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 1977\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>7\u2013 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0630 (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f): \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c 1978\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>8\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0637\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062a 624\u0647\u200d\/ 1226\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2005\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1986\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>9\u2013 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062a 681\u0647\u200d\/ 1282\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062c7\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 1978\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>10\u2013 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u06371\u060c 2009\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>11\u2013 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062f\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c 2012\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>12\u2013 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645)\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 1994\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06373\u060c 1985\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>13\u2013 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>14\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a: (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a748\u0647\u200d\/ 1347\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0628\u0629\u060c\u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f.\u062f\u060c 1995\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1997\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>15\u2013 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 (\u062c\u062f\u062c\u064a)\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c5\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>16\u2013 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644)\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>17\u2013 \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0642: \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 194\u0647\u200d\/ 810\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>18\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062c4\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u06371\u060c 1997\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>19\u2013 \u0632\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644)\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0644\u064a (\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2006\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>20\u2013 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 1404\u0647\u200d\/ 1983\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>21\u2013 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633)\u060c \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0624 \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1882\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>22\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u062f ( \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1986\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>23\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a (\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c8\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063715\u060c 2002\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>24\u2013 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0648)\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2012\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>25\u2013 corbin<\/p>\n<p>Cerbin H. Histoire de la philosophie Islammique, callimard, Paris,1962.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 969 \u2013 1172\u0645 Manifestations of The he Scientific Renaissance in Egypt in The Fatimids (358-567 AH \/ 969-1172 AD) \u0641\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 Faraj Saleh Al-Hamdo Al-Helal \u0623.\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/12\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 23\/12\/2024 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-59"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=900"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":905,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/900\/revisions\/905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}