{"id":899,"date":"2025-06-25T14:54:03","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T11:54:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=899"},"modified":"2025-06-25T15:05:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:05:03","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%ab%d9%91%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=899","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Political, Economic and Social Relations Between The Muslims and the Crusaders In Egypt and the Levant in the Middle Ages (487-690H \u2013 1095-1291AD)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yasmin Wahid Hilal<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623.\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc181831335\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc160909658\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc157880715\"><\/a>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 28\/11\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 20\/12\/2024<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>After the Crusaders entered the East and established emirates and a kingdom there for nearly two hundred years, the Crusaders benefited greatly from the Muslims, especially since there were no wars or battles, during which there were many economic, social and cultural relations. This matter gained the Crusaders a variety of customs, skills, and cultural habits. The social and cultural customs were many, which the Crusaders took from the Muslims, and there was also a great practical influence through medicine, philosophy and other sciences. It is also worth noting that the by the Crusaders were influenced by the inherent hunting skills in Muslims, which they later adopted, in addition to the art of architecture, which was subsequently transferred to Europe to be utilized, especially with regards to architecture of a military nature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Muslims, Crusaders, social relations, influences, hunting, architecture<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc183178321\"><\/a><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 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\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0643\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<strong> (\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c 1986\u060c \u0635250).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0646\u062f\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646 <strong>(\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635235).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc183178323\"><\/a><strong>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0651 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 <strong>(\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 126)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc183178324\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631(1959) \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629( 2003) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062a\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0646(1986) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0635\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0646(2007) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a( 2018) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c (1985) \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646( 1994) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646( 1995) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f( 2003) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644( \u062f.\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f( 2010) \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f( 2017) \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646( \u062f.\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0651\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0632\u0643\u064a( 1958) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0647\u060c \u0632\u064a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f( 1993) \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651( 1982) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 -\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064a (\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646) \u0633\u0646\u0629 148\u0647\/ 766\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u062f( \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 170\u0647\/786\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 193\u0647\/809\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631: <strong>(\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0647\u0628\u064a\u060c 1985\u060c \u062c9\u060c \u0635287).<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633: \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646<strong> (\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635234).<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 Political, Economic and Social Relations Between The Muslims and the Crusaders In Egypt and the Levant in the Middle Ages (487-690H \u2013 1095-1291AD) \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644[1] Yasmin Wahid Hilal \u0623.\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 28\/11\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 20\/12\/2024 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-59"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/899","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=899"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/899\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":907,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/899\/revisions\/907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=899"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=899"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=899"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}