{"id":863,"date":"2025-06-25T13:58:43","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T10:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=863"},"modified":"2025-06-25T15:05:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:05:03","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%aa%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=863","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 !\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 !\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;<\/strong><strong>Islam: A New Tribalism or a Movement Against Tribal Loyalties!?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/strong><strong><sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr.Jouhayna Mahmoud Al Masri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 7\/2\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 28\/2\/2025<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645-\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647&#8230; 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To what extent can the warring Arab tribes be united under its umbrella as a single Islamic nation, not divided by hateful ignorant fanaticism?<\/p>\n<p>By adopting descriptive analytical rules, in this research; It came to light that Islam may not be one of the principles of pre-Islamic life, but its spiritual teachings and religious powers constitute strong foundations for building its state on justice and equality. And coexistence between religions, and good neighborliness, to the hatreds of fanaticism and its deadly grudges&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>While following his influence and authority; The scourge of material abundance crept in, the fever of nervousness awoke again, and the people were exposed to the dangers of Persian nationalism and all kinds of Zionist treachery. Her being became weak and weak. This conflict continues to rage to this day.<\/p>\n<p>Key words : Islam, the religion of justice and tolerance, tribal fanaticism, apostates, hypocrites, idolatry, revenge and fighting, the Jews are people of treachery and corruption. One Islamic nation, worshiping God alone.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 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\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0639\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u0637\u0661.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u060c\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0631 ( 1387\u0647\u0640 )\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u2013 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 1962\u060c\u062c 3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1385\u0647\u0640 \/ 1965 \u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c\u0661\u0669\u0668\u0665\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1417\u0647\u0640 \/ 1997\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0661\u0669\u0665\u0669\u0645\u060c \u062c1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c ( 2001\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637 4.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Claude Cahen :histoire des arabes et des peuples musulmans. 1991.<\/li>\n<li>La Beaume (Jules):Mahomet, R-F, N:13, 1869.<\/li>\n<li>M Achena : Henri Mass\u00e9(1886-1969)cahiers de civilization medieval.<\/li>\n<li>Febvre Lucien: Henri Mass\u00e9. l\u2019islam.annales.15. 1932.<\/li>\n<li>Rodinson. :R Blach\u00e8re.le coran.Revue de l\u2019histoire des r\u00e9ligions.1959.1.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a>([1]) \u00a0\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646\/ \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Email :jouhayna.masri1234@gmail.co<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0635 45 \u2013 47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a>([3]) 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\u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>([5]) \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c 1\/ 680 \u0666\u0668\u2013 681. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2\/ 204.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a>([6]) \u00a0\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 &#8211; \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 1404\u0647\u0640 =1982\u0645\u060c \u0635 10 &#8211; 12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a>([7]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 232 \u2013 235.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a>([8]) \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 234 \u2013 235.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a>([9]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 1\/ 585.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>([10]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 234 \u2013 235.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a>([11]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a:\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0630\u062e\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 1962\u060c 2\/ 246.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a>([12]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 3\/ 257.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a>([13]) \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c\u0661\u0669\u0668\u0665\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0663\u0660\u0665.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a>([14]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 3\/ 260.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>([15]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629: 3<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>([16]) \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 1417\u0647\u0640 \/ 1997\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0669\u0664-\u0669\u0665.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a>([17]) \u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: 75<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a>([18]) \u00a0\u0622\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646: 100 \u0648101<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a>([19]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 95 \u2013 96<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a>([20]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 61<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a>([21]) \u00a0\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 24 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0661\u0669\u0669\u0669\u0645\u060c \u0635 1\/ 2<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a>([22]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a>([23]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c1385\u0647\u0640 \/ 1965 \u0645.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a>(1)\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 1\/ 2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a>([25])\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 196.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a>([26]) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 163 \u2013 164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a>([27]) \u00a0\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a: \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: \u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0630\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0622\u062e\u0631: (\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0623\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0629). \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: (\u0628\u0639\u062b\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a). \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3\u060c \u0635 163 \u2013 164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a>([28]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 163 \u2013 164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\"><\/a>([29]) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c 2\/ 164 &#8211;\u00a0 165.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\"><\/a>([30]) \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 170. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 200 \u2013 201.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\"><\/a>\u00a0([31])\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: 102.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\"><\/a>([32]) \u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 2\/ 191 \u2013 192.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\"><\/a>([33]) \u00a0\u0623\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1936\u060c \u0635 16 \u0648 53. (\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (674) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0642 1302\u0647).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\"><\/a>([34]) \u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 : &#8220;\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u061f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647&#8221;. (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c 3\/ 355).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 !\u061f &#8220;Islam: A New Tribalism or a Movement Against Tribal Loyalties!? \u062f. \u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a([1]) Dr.Jouhayna Mahmoud Al Masri \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 7\/2\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 28\/2\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647&#8230; \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-59"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":866,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/863\/revisions\/866"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}