{"id":862,"date":"2025-06-25T14:37:39","date_gmt":"2025-06-25T11:37:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=862"},"modified":"2025-06-25T15:05:03","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T12:05:03","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%91%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%91%d8%b9%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=862","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Romantic themes in Amil poetry<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ali Khalil Jaafar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/4\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 29\/4\/2025<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u0641\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629: <\/strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This research examines the impact of the Romantic school on Amil poetry after its emergence in Europe. Man was its victim, leaving writers feeling a sense of distress between what the soul hopes for and what it can achieve. It also examines the role of translation in conveying this influence from European literature, at a time when the Arab and national environment was ripe for revival and change. The research then examines the Romantic themes in Amil poetry and the path toward modernity and renewal among some Amil poets during a specific historical period.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>The Role of Translation &#8211; Philosophy of Pain &#8211; Love and Suffering &#8211; Nature &#8211; Revolution and Freedom &#8211; Towards Modernity<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0641\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0645\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062b\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0648\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651. \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u06374\u060c 1967\u060c \u0635 328.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635 7.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635 229.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635 36.<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635 245.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 545.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1959\u060c \u0635 43.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0631\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635 126-127.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627.\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0627.\u062a\u060c \u0635 4.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1945\u060c \u0635 11 \u064827.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c2\u060c 1910\u060c \u0635 53.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 26\u060c \u0635 48.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 34\u060c 1927\u060c \u0635 232.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 31\u060c 1942\u060c \u0635 217.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> &#8211; \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627.\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0627.\u062a\u060c \u0635 4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062b\u0631\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635 126-127.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u06374\u060c 1967\u060c \u0635 328.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0641\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635 229.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c2\u060c 1910\u060c \u0635 53.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 26\u060c \u0635 48. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 34\u060c 1946\u060c \u0635 1104.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> &#8211; \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635 245.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 34\u060c 1927\u060c \u0635 232.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 545.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c 1976\u060c \u0635 36.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 24.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 25-26.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 25.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 29.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 34.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> &#8211; \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635.\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 42.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 26-27.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635.\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> &#8211; \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1945\u060c \u0635 11 \u064827.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> &#8211; \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 61.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 13\u060c \u0635 1137.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635.\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> &#8211; \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 &#8220;\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 29.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 42.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635.\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 42-43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 124-125.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 46-47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 41.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 48.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a>&#8211; \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1959\u060c \u0635 43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635.\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a>&#8211; \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 35.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062c 31\u060c 1942\u060c \u0635 217.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> &#8211; \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 1908.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 Romantic themes in Amil poetry \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631[1] Ali Khalil Jaafar \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/4\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 29\/4\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":864,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[59],"class_list":["post-862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-59"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":874,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/862\/revisions\/874"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}