{"id":760,"date":"2025-03-27T17:32:03","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T14:32:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=760"},"modified":"2025-06-12T15:42:25","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T12:42:25","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%91%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b9%d8%b3%d9%91%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%91-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%87-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=760","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0651 (\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647- \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0651 (\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647- \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Arbitraay divoece (definition, causes, standards and forms in Islamic law<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Mona Hdayfe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 15<strong>\/<\/strong>11\/ 2024 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 5<strong>\/<\/strong>12\/2024<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0651.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0647.\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629- \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Abstract:<br \/>\nIslamic law has placed divorce in the hands of the husband as his inherent right, but this right is not absolute, as the man exercises it according to legal controls and according to what the need calls for, the most important of which is that it should not be harmful to the wife, so the husband is not abusive in using his right. However, if the divorce was without an acceptable legal or legal justification, the husband is considered to be abusive in using this right. This research aims to explain the concept of arbitrary divorce, its criteria and causes, and mention its most prominent forms. Keywords: Islamic law- divorce &#8211; abuse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u063a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \ufb50\ufc61\ufb50\ufc79 \ufc7a \ufc7b \ufc7c \ufc7d \ufc7e \ufc7f\u00a0 \ufc80 \ufc81 \ufc82 \ufc83 \ufc84 \ufc85 \ufc86\ufc87 \ufc88 \ufc89 \ufc8a \ufc8b \ufc8c \ufc8d\ufc60<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u063a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f &#8220;\u0637\u0644\u0642&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642: \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644: \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u0644\u00ad- \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062f &#8211; \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0644\u062a\u064f \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064f\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u0630\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0650\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642: \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628- \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629: &#8221; \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0622\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629: &#8220;\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629: &#8220;\u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629: &#8221; \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0643\u0627\u062d&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \ufc61\ufb50 \ufc96 \ufc97\ufc98\u00a0 \ufc99 \ufc9a \ufc9b \ufc9c \ufc9d\ufc9e \ufc9f \ufca0 \ufca1 \ufca2\u00a0 \ufca3 \ufca4 \ufca5 \ufca6 \ufca7 \ufca8 \ufca9 \ufcaa \ufcab \ufcac\u00a0 \ufcad\ufcae \ufcaf \ufcb0 \ufcb1 \ufcb2 \ufcb3 \ufcb4 \ufcb5 \ufcb6 \ufcb7 \ufcb8 \ufcb9\u00a0 \ufcba\ufcbb \ufcbc \ufcbd \ufcbe \ufcbf \ufcc0\ufcc1 \ufcc2 \ufcc3 \ufcc4 \ufcc5 \ufcc6\u00a0 \ufcc7 \ufcc8\ufc60<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0649: \ufc61\ufb50 \ufc91 \ufc92 \ufc93 \ufc94 \ufc95 \ufc96\u00a0 \ufc97 \ufc98 \ufc99 \ufc9a \ufc9b \ufc9c \ufc9d\ufc9e \ufc9f \ufca0 \ufca1\u00a0 \ufca2 \ufca3 \ufca4 \ufca5 \ufca6 \ufca7\ufca8 \ufca9 \ufcaa \ufcab\ufc60<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 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name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0646\u0651 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062b\u0628\u064f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0642 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name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 &#8221; \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u063a\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0644&#8221;. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 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\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 3\/226\u0645\u060c 3472.<\/p>\n<p>5- \u00a0\u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f.\u062a\u060c \u062c3.<\/p>\n<p>6- \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u063721\u060c \u062c3\u060c 10\/92.<\/p>\n<p>7- \u00a0\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2003\u0645\u060c.<\/p>\n<p>8- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1411\u0647\u0640\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c2\/214.<\/p>\n<p>9-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u00a0 2013\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>10- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1428\u0647\u0640\/ 2007\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>11-\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1988\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c1.<\/p>\n<p>12- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1417\u0647\u0640\/ 1997\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>13- \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004\u0645\u060c \u0635600.<\/p>\n<p>14- \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u06372.<\/p>\n<p>15- \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c 1407\u0647\u0640\u060c<\/p>\n<p>16- \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 1963\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>17- \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06371.<\/p>\n<p>18- \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 1428\u0647\u0640\/ 2007\u0645\u060c<\/p>\n<p>19- \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627 1977. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c 1409\u0647\u0640.<\/p>\n<p>20- \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1967\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>21- \u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1417\u0647\u0640\/ 1997\u0645\u060c \u06351200.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a ( \u062a 1205\u0647\u0640) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c\u00a0 1414\u0647\u0640\/.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c ( \u062a1205\u0647\u0640) \u060c \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633\u060c\u00a0 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 1390\u0647\u0640\u060c 26\/93.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c 3\/226\u0645\u060c 3472.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2472.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062f.\u062a\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u063579.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u063721\u060c \u062c3\u060c 10\/92.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 229.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 236.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0636\u0628\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u00a0 2003\u0645\u060c \u0635516.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1411\u0647\u0640\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c2\/214.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1428\u0647\u0640\/ 2007\u0645\u060c \u06353.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c\u00a0 2013\u0645\u060c\u060c \u063522.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 130.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1988\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0635652.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 1417\u0647\u0640\/ 1997\u0645\u060c \u0635120.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0\u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004\u0645\u060c \u0635600.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u06372\u060c \u063544.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629\u060c 1407\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635142.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 1963\u0645\u060c \u063591.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063584.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0635196.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0633\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2009\u0645\u060c \u063521.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 236.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c 1428\u0647\u0640\/ 2007\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0635184-185.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u00a0\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c 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\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c (790\u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062a\u060c \u062c4\u060c 2\/331.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 137.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> 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\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0645\u060c 1409\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635234.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1967\u0645\u060c \u06371\u060c \u063578.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004\u0645\u060c \u0635213..<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635319.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0651 (\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647- \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 &#8211; \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629) Arbitraay divoece (definition, causes, standards and forms in Islamic law \u0645\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0641\u0629 Mona Hdayfe \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 15\/11\/ 2024 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 5\/12\/2024 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u00a0 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c \u0643\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,50],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-50","tag-58"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=760"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":845,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/760\/revisions\/845"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}