{"id":753,"date":"2025-03-27T17:28:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T14:28:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=753"},"modified":"2025-06-12T15:40:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-12T12:40:27","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%91%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%91%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=753","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The lebanese state administration digitally adopts blockchain technology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Ayla Quwaiq<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 2\/ 9\/ 2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 20\/9 \/2024<a name=\"_Toc108470607\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471953\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332358\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755589\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804653\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0631\u0651\u0642 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\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u061b \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 (\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646) \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><a name=\"_Toc124755590\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804654\"><\/a>Abstract<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">This thesis dealt with the role and impact of Blockchain technology in developing the system and the administrative performance of the state to reach a digital government, in an attempt to identify the extent of the interrelationship between the performance of public administrations and institutions and technological development, then presenting the reality of public administrations in Lebanon, by explaining what Blockchain technology, and follows after That dealt with the importance of digital transformation and some models of applying technology in some countries and using it in the fields of maintaining various records: medical, real estate, intellectual property protection, voting (elections), and others. The research came out with a number of results. Most notably:<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>Technology has become the future, its best potential for the benefit of managing societies and economies.<\/li>\n<li>Digital transformation in the government has become an urgent necessity to keep pace with the modern global development by adopting digital technologies in all fields, especially management and business.<\/li>\n<li>Modern technology (Blockchain) has contributed to raising the efficiency and effectiveness of the performance of the activities of the institutions that I used it.<\/li>\n<li>The need to create paths and systems compatible with the use of Blockchain technology in the activity of public administrations and institutions, in order to become more secure, reliable, transparent and speedy in the completion of business, in addition to reducing costs for the state and the citizen.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Keywords: Lebanese state administrations, Blockchain technology, Performance development Enterprises &#8211; Digital Transformation<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124755591\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804655\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f 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\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470608\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471954\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054022\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332359\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755592\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804656\"><\/a>\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470612\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471958\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054026\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332363\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755596\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804660\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0651\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470613\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471959\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054027\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332364\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755597\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804661\"><\/a>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0623\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644: \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc129804666\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332399\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755626\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471994\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054062\"><\/a><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><strong>\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108472001\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332408\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755632\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804672\"><\/a><strong>1- <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 <strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a <strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 <\/strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124332419\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755639\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804679\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472010\"><\/a><strong>2- \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062d\u0636\u0650\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628) \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064f\u062e\u0651\u0650\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u061b \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u063a\u0646\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3- \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1):<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc118053620\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc125017309\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 2019<\/u><u><sup>(<\/sup><\/u><a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><u><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/u><\/a><u><sup>)<\/sup><\/u><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108472015\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332423\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755645\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804685\"><\/a><strong>4- \u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108472018\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332426\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755648\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804688\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>4-1 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952\u00a0 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a<a name=\"_Toc125014775\"><\/a>\u0651<sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a><sup>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4-2 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1993\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc125014776\"><\/a><strong><u>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/u><\/p>\n<table width=\"546\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1994<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1997<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">2002<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">2009<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">2012<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">&#8211; \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0637\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">2014<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0640 600 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">2018-2019<\/td>\n<td width=\"462\">&#8211; \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108472019\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332427\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755649\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804689\"><\/a><strong>5<\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108472020\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332428\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755650\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804690\"><\/a><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 5-1 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc125014777\"><\/a><strong><u>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2<\/u><\/strong><strong><u>:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/u><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a 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\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108472021\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332429\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755651\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804691\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <strong>5-2 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 -\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627- \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (Hacker)\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0643\u0651\u064f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124755652\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804692\"><\/a><strong>5-3 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1- \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064e\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>4- \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 <strong>&#8220;\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 (\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646)&#8221;.<\/strong><a name=\"_Toc129804693\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755602\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627:<\/strong><a name=\"_Toc108470649\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471966\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054033\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332370\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755603\"><\/a><strong> \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 <\/strong><strong>(Blockchain)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470652\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471969\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332373\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755606\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804696\"><\/a>1\u00a0 &#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470653\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471970\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332374\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755607\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804697\"><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1-1 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646) \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629&#8221;\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124755608\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804698\"><\/a>1-2 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 (<\/strong><strong>Private Keys<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 20\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a (<\/strong><strong>Network<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064d \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2) \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc125017299\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471835\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118053610\"><\/a><strong><u>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f)<\/u><u><sup>(<\/sup><\/u><a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><em><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><u><sup>)<\/sup><\/u><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 (<\/strong><strong>Shared ledger<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<a name=\"_Toc108470654\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471971\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332375\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755609\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470658\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471975\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332379\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755613\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804703\"><\/a>2- \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:\u00a0 Binance- Ethyrum\u2013 Blockchain\u00a0 <a name=\"_Toc108471836\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118053611\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 (Node)<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 (application).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Web 3,0).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0643\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632: \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064e\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647 (Hash)<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062b \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470660\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471977\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332381\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755615\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804705\"><\/a><strong>3- <\/strong><a name=\"_Toc108470662\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471979\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054046\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332383\"><\/a><strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643: \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0650\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u0639\u0629).<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>)<\/sup>:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629:<\/strong> \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0642\u064e\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u0651\u064f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0635\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627\u062c\u064e\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0641\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0650\u0639 (Distributed Ledger) (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3) \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629. <a name=\"_Toc108471842\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u0651\u064f\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470663\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471980\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054047\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332384\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118053617\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc125017306\"><\/a><strong><u>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 <\/u><u>Distributed Ledger<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/u><\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptoarable.com\/2020\/05\/10-distributed-ledger\">https:\/\/www.cryptoarable.com\/2020\/05\/10-distributed-ledger<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470672\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108471989\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054057\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332394\"><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>4- <\/strong><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 3.1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 99% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 24 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (once only principle)\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0650\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. <a name=\"_Toc124755653\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108470676\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472022\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332430\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627:<\/strong><a name=\"_Toc108470677\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472023\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054095\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332431\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755654\"><\/a><strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0651\u064f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064e\u0639\u062f\u064f\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124332432\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108470678\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472024\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755655\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804715\"><\/a>1<strong>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><strong>\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470680\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472026\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755657\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332434\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804717\"><\/a><strong>1-1 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0650 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470684\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472030\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054102\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332438\"><\/a><strong>1-2 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong><strong>\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 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\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0629 20 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064e\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 (covid-19)<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c 2022. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 1,103,711 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0635\u062f 10,451 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646- \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470688\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472034\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755659\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332442\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804719\"><\/a><strong>2- \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc125014779\"><\/a><strong><u>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/u><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"252\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"270\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"252\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"270\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"252\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"270\">\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"252\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"270\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 (IOT) \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124332443\"><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124755662\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804722\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470690\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472036\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332446\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755666\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804726\"><\/a><strong>3- \u00a0<\/strong><a name=\"_Toc108471844\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054114\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332448\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755667\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804727\"><\/a><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0651 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>)<\/sup> \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>1- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f:<\/strong> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0637:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3- \u0625\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651: <\/strong>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u064e\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4- \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470702\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472048\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054121\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332455\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755677\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804733\"><\/a><strong>4- \u00a0\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644<\/strong><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 3339 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12-11-1930. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 2001<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc124332456\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755678\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804734\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108470703\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472049\"><\/a><strong>4-1 \u00a0\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 4):<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc125014782\"><\/a><strong><u>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4:<\/u><\/strong><u> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/u><\/p>\n<table width=\"576\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"217\"><strong>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"236\"><strong>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"7\" width=\"123\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u064e\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 <sup>(<\/sup><a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a><sup>)<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631.<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" width=\"236\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u062a\u0633\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"5\" width=\"123\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"217\">\u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643.<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647&#8221;.<\/td>\n<td width=\"236\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u064a\u0633\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064d \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a.<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"3\" width=\"236\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0650\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062f \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470704\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472050\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332457\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124755679\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc129804735\"><\/a><strong>4-2 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc108470705\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc108472051\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc118054124\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332458\"><\/a><strong>4-2-1 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a 11 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 2020\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a&#8221; \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 &#8220;ABC&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u0650\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0634\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651: \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 &#8220;\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u0625\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0627&#8221; \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 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name=\"_Toc129804742\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646&#8221; \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0651\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0637 3\u060c 2010.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2019.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a-\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 1981.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2021.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f.\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0645\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c 2009.<a name=\"_Toc118054141\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332474\"><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc118054145\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332478\"><\/a><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1973.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc118054146\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc124332479\"><\/a><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 8889\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5-6-1996\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24-7-2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cib.gov.lb\">https:\/\/www.cib.gov.lb<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1432\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 12-11-2020\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\">http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/strong><strong>\u064b\u0627<\/strong><strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>5- Ray,Shaan (20-2-2018), &#8220;The Difference Between Blockchain &amp; Distributed Ledger Technology&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.m.marefa.org\">https:\/\/www.m.marefa.org<\/a><strong>\u060c <\/strong>\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0641\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640 <\/strong><strong>ABC<\/strong><strong> \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2020\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lebanondebate.com\">lebanondebate.com<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2020\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15-8-2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osmar.gov.lb\">http:\/\/www.osmar.gov.lb<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 2018\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631:twitter.com\/KClzOn4vpT<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <strong>&#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8230; \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 2014\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.almodon.com\">almodon.com<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c 1 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2021\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 1-6-2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.albayan.ae\">albayan.ae<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647<\/strong>\u060c 11 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 16 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633&#8221;: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.faharas.net\">https:\/\/www.faharas.net<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3 \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/ar\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/ar<\/a><u>.<\/u><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ar\/what-is\/digital-transformation\">https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ar\/what-is\/digital-transformation<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.Irc.gov.lb\">https:\/\/www.Irc.gov.lb<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2021\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbarabic.com\">https:\/\/www.hbarabic.com<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.moph.gov.lb\">moph.gov.lb<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <strong>65% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2007\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-akhbar.com\">al-akhbar.com<\/a> .<\/li>\n<li>Balazs, Bado \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c 17 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2021\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: https:\/\/www.jordanopensource.org\/blog<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a>([1]) \u063a. \u0623. \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u064a\u0631-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 8 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carnogie-mec.org\/diwan\">https:\/\/www.carnogie-mec.org\/diwan<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3 \u0627\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/ar\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/ar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><sup>([3])<\/sup> \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a-\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u060c 1981\u060c \u0635 44<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><sup>([4])<\/sup> \u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062f.\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0645\u060c \u062f.\u0637\u060c 2009<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><sup>([5])<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 8889 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5-6-1996 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24-7-2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cib.gov.lb\">https:\/\/www.cib.gov.lb<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><sup>([6])<\/sup> \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2019.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><sup>([7])<\/sup> \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1973\u060c \u063537.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><sup>([8])<\/sup> <strong>\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c 2020\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15-8-2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.osmar.gov.lb\">http:\/\/www.osmar.gov.lb<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><sup>([9]) <\/sup>\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2021\u060c \u0635 1<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>([10]) Balazs, Bado. \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c 17 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2021\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: https:\/\/www.jordanopensource.org\/blog<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a>(1)Ray,Shaan (20-2-2018), &#8220;The Difference Between Blockchain &amp; Distributed Ledger Technology&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.m.marefa.org\">https:\/\/www.m.marefa.org<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a>([12]) <strong>Node<\/strong>: \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a><sup>([13])<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 Hash: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646 -\u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646- \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 SHA256 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a>([14]) \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c 2022\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.faharas.net\">https:\/\/www.faharas.net<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>([15]) \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/strong>\u060c 2018\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n<p>pic.twitter.com\/KClzOn4vpT<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>([16]) \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c2021\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aws.amazon.com\/ar\">https:\/\/www.aws.amazon.com\/ar<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><sup>([17]) <\/sup>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19: \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0636 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><sup>([18])<\/sup> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.moph.gov.lb\">www.moph.gov.lb<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a><sup>([19])<\/sup> \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1432\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 12-11-2020 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 15 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb\">http:\/\/www.interior.gov.lb<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a><sup>([20])<\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2021\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hbarabic.com\">https:\/\/www.hbarabic.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a><sup>([21])<\/sup> \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u061f\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 2022\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646: <a href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ar\/what-is\/digital-transformation\">https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/ar\/what-is\/digital-transformation<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a><sup>([22])<\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c <strong>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.Irc.gov.lb\">https:\/\/www.Irc.gov.lb<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a><sup>([23])<\/sup> \u0625\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0634\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0628\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0637 3\u060c 2010\u060c \u063524\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a><sup>([24])<\/sup> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0640 <\/strong><strong>ABC<\/strong><strong> \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0651\u0637<\/strong>\u060c 2020\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lebanondebate.com\">www.lebanondebate.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a><sup>([25])<\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <strong>&#8220;\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f&#8230; \u0636\u0627\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 6 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644 2014\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.almodon.com\">www.almodon.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a><sup>([26])<\/sup> \u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: <strong>65% \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/strong>\u060c 2007\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2022 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.al-akhbar.com\">www.al-akhbar.com<\/a> .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 The lebanese state administration digitally adopts blockchain technology \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0642 Ayla Quwaiq \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 2\/ 9\/ 2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 20\/9 \/2024 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":719,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[58],"class_list":["post-753","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-58"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/753","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=753"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":835,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/753\/revisions\/835"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=753"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=753"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}