{"id":692,"date":"2025-01-08T23:51:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T20:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=692"},"modified":"2025-01-09T00:01:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T21:01:52","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%91-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%82%d9%84%d9%91%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=692","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a 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15\/3\/2024<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0651\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a 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\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Some consider the Kurdish issue to be the issue of an oppressed people aiming to form their independent state and lift national persecution and social injustice from their shoulders. Since the beginning of the nineteenth century, the Kurdish issue has emerged and, in many stages, occupied the forefront of events in the Middle East. Currently, the Kurds are still trying, in every round that occurs, and in every crisis, to highlight their issue and cause before the international community, hoping to achieve their goals, the most prominent of which is building a Kurdish national state. Which put them between two directions: the first, which is the influence to build any state with awakened nationalism as an ideology that makes it \u201can effective force in the current and future politics taking place in the region, as this force faces an Islamic challenge,\u201d and the second, which is the influence, that is, the American and Israeli support for the Kurds in their self-building, even if it constitutes a danger or threat, as well as an ISIS obstacle.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Kurds, ethnic affiliation, social system, Kurdistan, Middle East.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c 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href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a><strong><sup>)<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u200c\u0623. <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651- \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0651\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 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name=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0645. \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 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\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f&#8221; \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 (PKK) \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a 27 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a 1978 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1999 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 &#8220;\u062c\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643&#8221; \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 22 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u0651\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 15 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 2012\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0634&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0640&#8221;\u0641\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 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\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1957 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\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u0648\u064f\u0644\u0650\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f:<\/strong> \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 (1946) \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1945 \u0642\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (2005-2014) \u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1933\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1957 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0651\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 2006.<a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0630 (2005)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1946\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1987 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0630 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1970 \u0648 1973. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1978 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1984 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 <a href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 29-6-1999\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 &#8220;\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a 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30\/10\/2014.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c 8 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2006.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c 13\/04\/2014.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c 2012\/8\/2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c 14\/4\/2015\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.turkpress.co\/node\/7481\">http:\/\/www.turkpress.co\/node\/7481<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c 25\/6\/2015.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062d\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/5\/2006\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/6\/2023 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0643\u0631\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 1985\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1\/7\/1996\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25\/6\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dorar-aliraq.net\/threads\/8190\">https:\/\/www.dorar-aliraq.net\/threads\/8190<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/5\/2024\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/7505\">https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/7505<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062f\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2014\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/5\/2024\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/center-lcrc.org\/index.php?s=4&amp;id=11576\">https:\/\/center-lcrc.org\/index.php?s=4&amp;id=11576<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9\/6\/2015\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/5\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.. \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<strong>\u060c <\/strong>\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3\/9\/2007 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Kurdish State Arabic.htm <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bethsuryoyo.com\/currentevents\/KurdishState\">http:\/\/www.bethsuryoyo.com\/currentevents\/KurdishState<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/5\/2006 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.. \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629\u061f\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 23\/5\/2006.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f.. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c 18\/2\/2014\u060c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sasapost.com\">http:\/\/www.sasapost.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22\/10\/2014\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/5\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.skynewsarabia.com\">www.skynewsarabia.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 7\/6\/2016\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 28.2.2012\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alukah.net\/world_muslims\/0\/38776\">http:\/\/www.alukah.net\/world_muslims\/0\/38776<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a 18\/3\/2015\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.noonpost.net\/content\/5884\">https:\/\/www.noonpost.net\/content\/5884<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646<strong>\u060c <\/strong>\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0649\u060c \u00a06\/8\/2008.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&#8211; \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <strong>\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 12 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 19\/5\/2024\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/7505\/\">https:\/\/www.noonpost.com\/7505\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: <strong>\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 17 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2014\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/5\/2024\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/center-lcrc.org\/index.php?s=4&amp;id=11576\">https:\/\/center-lcrc.org\/index.php?s=4&amp;id=11576<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><sup>4<\/sup>&#8211; \u062e\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0643\u0631\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 1985\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1-7-1996\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 25\/6\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dorar-aliraq.net\/threads\/8190\">https:\/\/www.dorar-aliraq.net\/threads\/8190<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 13.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>&#8211; \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c 8 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2006.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 <strong>\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u064a\u060c 6\/8\/2008<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631\u064a\u060c <strong>\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 1\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 1\u060c 2012\/8\/2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0623\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/strong> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u06f1\u06f9 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631) \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0664\u060c \u0635 (1).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u060c <strong>\u0646\u0628\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c<\/strong> 14\/4\/ 2015 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.turkpress.co\/node\/748<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u00a0<strong>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648<\/strong> \u0639\u0627\u0645 :1916 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637. \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 Mark Sykes \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 -Fran\u00e7ois Georges Picot \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916. \u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c (\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0633 \u0645.\u0646).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u00a0<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631<\/strong> 1920: \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u064a 1 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1922 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0633.\u0645.\u0646).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 10 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a 1912 (\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 22 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 (1923). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 (\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0646, \u0623\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f \u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627, \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627, \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 ( \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648 \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a 11 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 (2013)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c <strong>\u062d\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a 18\/3\/2015\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.noonpost.net\/content\/5884\">https:\/\/www.noonpost.net\/content\/5884<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f.. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c 18 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2014\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6-10-2016\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sasapost.com\">http:\/\/www.sasapost.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f.. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u062a\u0651\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645.\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 28\/2\/2012\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3\/6\/2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.alukah.net\/world_muslims\">http:\/\/www.alukah.net\/world_muslims<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.. \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c <\/strong>\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3\/9\/2007\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 3\/9\/2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. \u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645. \u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 (1) .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645.\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0645.\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a \u060c <strong>\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c 13\/04\/2014.\u060c \u0635 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645. \u0633\u060c \u0635 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u062d\u0646\u0627\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Kurdish State Arabic.htm\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 11\/3\/2016 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bethsuryoyo.com\/currentevents\/KurdishState\">http:\/\/www.bethsuryoyo.com\/currentevents\/KurdishState<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u060c <strong>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u060c<\/strong> \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062e 23-5- 2006\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/6\/2023 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u060c <strong>\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 (5).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c <strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 (3).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645.\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10-8-2010\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/6\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dorar-aliraq.net\">www.dorar-aliraq.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u00a0\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/5\/2006 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>..<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u00a0\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645. \u0633\u060c \u0635 (2).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u00a0\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645. \u0633. \u0635 (3).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c <strong>\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 7\/6\/2016\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u00a0\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0645. \u0633\u060c \u0635 (3).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u00a0\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645.\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u00a0\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c <strong>\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a &#8211; \u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 22\/10\/2014\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/5\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.skynewsarabia.com\">www.skynewsarabia.com<\/a> .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0635 (4)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u060c 25\/6\/2015.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 (4).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645.\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645.\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645.\u0633\u060c \u0635 (4).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9-6-2015\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 24\/5\/2024 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649\u060c <strong>\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.. \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629<\/strong>\u061f \u0635 (3)\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 23\/5\/2006\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9\/6\/2024 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\">www.aljazeera.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 Societal Construction of Kurdish minorities in the Middle East \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646)[1]( \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-57"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":695,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/692\/revisions\/695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}