{"id":674,"date":"2025-01-08T23:43:50","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T20:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=674"},"modified":"2025-01-09T00:01:52","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T21:01:52","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%91%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%91%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=674","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Metaphor Transformations in Cognitive Theories and Communicative Linguistics<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646<\/strong><strong><sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Dorine Nasr and researcher Waad Al-Hassan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 13\/8\/2024\u00a0 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0625\u062d\u062f\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0642\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u00a0\u0631\u0629\u064e \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0650\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064c \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629\u064e \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0651\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064e\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0650 \u0648\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0648\u062c\u064e\u0630\u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cognitive conceptual metaphors are a mental conceptual process, the essence of which is thinking and its foundation is understanding. A large part of our unconscious perceptions and thinking about non-material phenomena is governed by rhetoric, just as generative grammar &#8211; according to Chomsky &#8211; governs our use of it during speech. Thus, pragmatics forms one of the ways leading to the discovery of meanings not apparent on the surface, as long as its most concise definition is: how do we say something and mean something else? The aspect of pragmatic rhetoric can be traced in daily conversations, poetry, and political, religious, cultural, and social discourse; meaning that metaphor is a proof of argumentation and persuasion with it, with the aim of changing the recipient&#8217;s behavior to reach social revolution as in religious discourse in general. Added to the previous components is the aesthetic function, which is in itself one of the means of influence and attracting the attention of the recipient.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Pragmatics, Communication, Conceptual Metaphors, Intentionality, Conversational Implicature, Mind, Rhetoric, Utterance, Sign, Context.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064f\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641 (George Lakoff) \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064e\u00a0 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u064e\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0650 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\u062a\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0650 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0633 (Greimas) (Carr\u00e9 s\u00e9miotique)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064f \u064a\u064e\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u064b 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u0661_ \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0651\u064f\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u064d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0662- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0650\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064e \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644&#8221; (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0665\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0662\u0664).<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0650\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u064e\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062c\u0650\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0650\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u060c &#8220;The way we think&#8221;\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b\u064f \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0631\u064e\u062a \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0636\u064f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0661\u0669\u0668\u0660\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064c \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064f 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0635\u0631\u0650\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629\u0650&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d\u064f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0646\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064f \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u062c\u0647\u0645\u0627 (\u0623) \u0648 (\u0628)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064f \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 (\u062c): \u0633\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0650 \u0648\u0631\u064f\u0632\u064f\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0633\u0651\u064f\u0641\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 (\u062f)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0623) 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>2-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u0650 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064f \u0628\u0650\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064f \u0628\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u0634\u0638\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0629\u064f\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0651\u0650\u062f\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0633 (Charles Morris) (\u0661\u0669\u0663\u0668) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064e \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0648\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0650\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627 (Jacques Derrida) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064f\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062b (\u0661\u0669\u0666\u0667) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c 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\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0648\u0628\u064f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u064f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u064e\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u0650\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0651\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0633\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627: &#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0635\u0631\u0650\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u0623) \u0648(\u0628) \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u062c)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u062f) \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>(\u0623) = \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629\/ \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>(\u0628) = \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0628\/ \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>(\u062c) = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629 \/ \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>(\u062f) = \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0638\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0629\u064f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \/ \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064e \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630\u064f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064e \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064c \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064e\u062d\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646\u064f\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u061f \u0623\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064f <\/strong><strong>inference<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> &#8220;\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0647\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0650\u0627\u0646\u0652\u0639\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0645\u0650\u0639\u0650 \u062a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0645\u062b\u0651\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062d\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0642\u064e\u0635\u064e\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0644\u0651\u0650\u0645\u064f \u062a\u064e\u062d\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u062e\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650 \u062a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0631\u0650 \u0625\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0646\u064d&#8221; (\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u060c \u0635\u0664\u0660).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0650 <\/strong><strong>Discourse analysis<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> &#8220;\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 (&#8230;) \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627&#8221; (\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0635\u0669).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 <\/strong><strong>Linguistic pragmatics<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0644&#8221; (\u064a\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660\u060c \u0635\u0661\u0669).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064f <\/strong><strong>Argumentation<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> &#8220;\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0629 (&#8230;) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0644\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627&#8221; (\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0635\u0666\u0668).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064f <\/strong><strong>Contexte<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>&#8220;\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (&#8230;)\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062b immanente (&#8230;) \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f\u064f \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064c \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 (&#8230;) \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (&#8230;) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639&#8221; (\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0635\u0662\u0667\u060c \u0662\u0668).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a <\/strong><strong>Cotexte<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>&#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 &#8230;) \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 actions \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (&#8230;) \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0630\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0632\u064f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a&#8221; (\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0668\u060c \u0635\u0663\u0665).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0635\u062f\u064f <\/strong><strong>intention<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>\u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064c \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 Intentionality: \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0642\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064f\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064c \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064e\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064f \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;\u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u062f\u064f \u0643\u064e\u062b\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0633\u0650\u0641\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e <\/strong><strong>Belief<\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u064e <\/strong><strong>Desire<\/strong><strong>\u060c<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u062b\u0651\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064e\u0635\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u064e. \u0648\u064e\u0623\u0648\u064e\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0628\u064e\u0639\u0636\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0624\u064a\u0651\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0623\u0648\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0636\u064e\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0644\u0650\u0646\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u0650 \u0647\u064e\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0652\u0636\u064e\u0644\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0627. \u0623\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0628\u0650\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0652\u0644\u064d \u0639\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0651\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0650\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0642\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u062b\u0652\u0644\u064e: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064f\u0639\u064f\u0648\u0631\u0650 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0652\u0646\u0650. \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u064f\u0648\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0631\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0650 \u0625\u062d\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u0650 \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u062d\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0637\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064d: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0651\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0632\u0650\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0652\u064a\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0627\u0621\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0652\u062a\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u060c \u0648\u062f\u064e\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0623\u064f\u062e\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0649 \u0644\u0650\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u063a\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650&#8221; (\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0669. \u0635\u0665\u0663).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0639\u0645\u0631)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u060c <\/strong>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c 2012.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8230; (\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0660)\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0665(\u0667)\u060c 2010\u060c \u0661\u0664\u0662- \u0661\u0666\u0660.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0650\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c 2014.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a)\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c 5(1)\u060c 2014\u060c \u0661\u0662\u0669- \u0661\u0664\u0662.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648 (\u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c 2000.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; &#8230; <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c 2005.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d)\u060c\u00a0 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c <\/strong>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c 2015.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062d\u0641\u064a\u0635\u064a (\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646<strong>&#8220;<em>\u060c <\/em>\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0661\u0660(\u0664)\u060c 2021\u060c \u0668\u0669- \u0661\u0660\u0662.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0644 (\u062c\u0648\u0646)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0648 (\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643) \u0648\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0648 (\u062f\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0643)\u060c <strong>\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0650\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e (\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d)\u060c <strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a (\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631)\u060c <strong>\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0628\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 1922.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a (\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0651\u0644 (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f) \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0637\u0662\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c 2014.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a (\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064e\u0649)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0661\u0661\u0665\u060c 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a (\u0639\u0632\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646)\u060c &#8220;\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0646&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0661(\u0661)\u060c 2017\u060c \u0661\u0664\u0665- \u0661\u0665\u0666.<\/p>\n<p>-\u063a\u064f\u0646\u064e\u064a\u0645 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2019.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641 (\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062d\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0662\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0641\u0637\u0648\u0645\u0629)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 2008\u060c \u0661(\u0662)\u060c \u0662\u0664\u0663- \u0662\u0667\u0662.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0651\u0644 (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f (\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0648\u064a)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629<em>\u060c <\/em>\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u064a&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0633\u064f\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0645\u064e\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649<\/strong>\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0661\u0662(\u0664\u0665)\u060c 2016\u060c \u0663\u0661\u0665- \u0663\u0663\u0666.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 (\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a<\/strong> <strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2006.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632)\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0661\u0663(\u0661)\u060c 2021\u060c \u0667\u0661\u0664- \u0667\u0662\u0668.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0646\u063a\u0646\u0648 (\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f)\u060c <strong>\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2002.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645 (\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647)\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c<\/strong> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u0631\u0649\u060c 1994.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u064a\u0648\u0644 (\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c)\u060c \u0627<strong>\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0661\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2010.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>-Fauconnier (G). &amp; Turner (M.), <em>The way we think<\/em>: conceptual blending and the minds hidden complexities, New York, Basic Books, 2002.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><sup>(<\/sup>[1] <sup>)<\/sup> \u2013\u062f. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631: \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>-\u0623. \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646: \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 &#8211; \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u0646\u0642\u0651\u062d \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 Metaphor Transformations in Cognitive Theories and Communicative Linguistics \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0646([1]) Dr. Dorine Nasr and researcher Waad Al-Hassan \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 13\/8\/2024\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 29\/8\/2024 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064c \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064e\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-57"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=674"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":677,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/674\/revisions\/677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}