{"id":657,"date":"2025-01-08T23:39:27","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T20:39:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=657"},"modified":"2025-01-09T00:02:45","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T21:02:45","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%ab%d8%b1-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b5%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ae%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=657","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>The impact of the \u201cOrder of the Day\u201d speech on internal communication in the Lebanese Army<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0626\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Shaim Al-Darwish<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/8\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 14\/8\/2024<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u2013\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629- \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u2013 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u2013 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Effective communication with the human staff in institutions constitutes a key factor in their success and in achieving their vision and goals. This requires constant management that recognizes engaging with them. Since an institution operates at multiple administrative levels (strategic \u2013 tactical \u2013 and operational). Its vision is formulated at the strategic level and is closely linked to its owners or leaders. Indeed, the Lebanese army is an organizational institution \u2013 apart from its security role \u2013 that has its vision and goals that serve the interests of the Lebanese state as part of the national power equipment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">The Lebanese army, led by a General Officer with the rank of General, is dedicated to its national objectives. The Army recognizes the crucial importance of internal communication with its military personnel to guide and motivate them in serving national interests and the strategic goals of the Army. However, communication with the military personnel to achieve the strategic vision takes various forms, including verbal communication. &#8220;Order of the Day&#8221; is one of the verbal communication methods used by the Lebanese army in chief commander to address and communicate with the personnel.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Communication \u2013 Army \u2013 Army Commander \u2013 Order of the Day<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0634\u0631\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0651\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 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\u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1- \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>1-1- \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 &#8220;\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0644: \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0650\u0644\u0629&#8230; \u0648\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0647&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 &#8220;\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0650\u0644\u0629&#8230; \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644: \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a &#8220;\u0648\u0635\u064e\u0644&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621. &#8220;\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1-2- \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u062e\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0637\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8230; \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0632&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 (Communication) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 (Communis) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 (Common) \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> (1857-1913) (Ferdinand de Saussure) \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> (1896-1981) (Roman Jakobson)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c 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width=\"149\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"147\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"149\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"147\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"1\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td width=\"150\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>): \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627 &#8220;\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> Abraham Maslow (1908 \u2013 1970) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>1- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/p>\n<p>2- \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<p>4- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p>5- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2): \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c &#8220;\u0641\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621&#8230;&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f &#8220;\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 &#8220;\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632&#8221; <a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> (1925-2014) (Warren Bennis) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n<p>1- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<p>3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p>4- \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<p>5- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 &#8221; \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> (1936-\u061f) (Nanus Burt)\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>1- \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631<\/p>\n<p>2- \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p>3- \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>4- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n<p>5- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p>6- \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<p>7- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647\u061b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634. &#8220;\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629.&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u064a\u0648\u0637\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629.&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. &#8220;\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a&#8221; (1920-2014) (<em>Karl Albrecht<\/em><em>)<\/em> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627&#8230; \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 &#8220;\u062c\u0627\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0631&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a> (1952-\u061f) (Jay Conger) &#8220;\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>. \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635:<\/p>\n<p>1- \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629): \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>2- \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629): \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0636\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0623\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>3- \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0646&#8230;<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0623\u0647\u061b \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d &#8220;\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0642\u0648\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>6-1- \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc121011524\"><\/a><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (2): \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0641<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 1701<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">\u0623\u064a\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"264\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc121012500\"><\/a><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 (<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><strong>) : \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 &#8220;\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651. \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0621&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0644: (\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 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\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0645\u0627\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 1701 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 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width=\"144\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">X<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">X<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">X<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">X<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\"><\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"144\">\u0623\u0645\u0646<\/td>\n<td width=\"122\">X<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">X<\/td>\n<td width=\"133\">12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 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\u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634) \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u061b 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\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a: &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0651 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u064a\u0628\u062b\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c 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\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646\u0651 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. <strong>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637.1\u060c 2005\u060c \u0645\u062c.2\u060c \u062c.3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0644. <strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645.: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0637.3\u060c 2004.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u064a. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637.1\u060c 2014.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c 2000\u060c \u0645\u062c.1.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. <strong>&#8220;\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627&#8221;<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 40 \u2013 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2022.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637.4\u060c 2013.<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633. <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631. \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c 1989.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 3.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023<\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1998<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u060c \u0637.2\u060c 2011.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0642\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong>. \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2018.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. https:\/\/www.lebarmy.gov.lb\/ar<\/li>\n<li>Scott, Kevin. &#8220;Strategy&#8221;. 25 April 2018. Joint Chiefs of Staff. PDF Joint Doctrine. 8 April 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/encr.pw\/IYcnj\">https:\/\/encr.pw\/IYcnj<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a>([2]) \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0650\u0633\u0645\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a>([3]) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645. <strong>\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0637.1\u060c 2005\u060c \u0645\u062c.2\u060c \u062c.3\u060c \u0635 4296.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a>([4]) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0622\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637.4\u060c 2013\u060c \u0635 1080.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a>([5]) \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. <strong>&#8220;\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627&#8221;<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 40 \u2013 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 2022\u060c \u0635 14.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a>([6]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u064a. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637.1\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a>([7]) \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 14.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a>([8]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a>([9]) \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1916 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>([10]) \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7\">\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%B1_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a>([11]) \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a: <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 3\u060c \u0635 2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a>([12]) \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a: <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645. \u0633. \u0646.\u060c \u0635 3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a>([13]) Scott, Kevin. &#8220;Strategy.&#8221; 25 April 2018. <em>Joint Chiefs of Staff.<\/em> PDF Joint Doctrine. 8 April 2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/encr.pw\/IYcnj\">https:\/\/encr.pw\/IYcnj<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a>([14]) \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023<\/strong>\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0635 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a>([15]) \u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 (Abraham Maslow) \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 &#8211; \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1908\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970. \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1931\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1934\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647: &#8220;\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629&#8221;\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629&#8221;. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640&#8221;\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064f\u0651\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 &#8211; \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 &#8211; \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a>([16]) \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 437.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a>([17]) \u0647\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0637.2\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 259.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a>([18]) \u0635\u0642\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/strong>. \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2018\u060c \u0635 5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a>([19]) \u00a0\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a>([20]) \u0647\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633. <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0641\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0631. \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0634\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c 1989\u060c \u0635 174.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a>([21]) \u0645. \u0646\u060c \u0635 18.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a>([22]) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0644. <strong>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u060c \u0637 3\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 40.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a>([23])\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 42.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a>([24]) \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1925 \u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627. \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u00a0 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0643 1951\u0645 \u060c \u0648\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 MIT 1955. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627. \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u2013 \u0628\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 USC \u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644 TASK FORCE \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 1970. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a>([25]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c 2000\u060c \u0645\u062c 1\u060c \u0635 83.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a>([26]) \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1936 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1969-1994. \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0646\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1957\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 1967. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0 SPERRY RAND Corporation \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 &#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a>([27]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 85.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a>([28]) \u0647\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 90-91.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\"><\/a>([29]) \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 14.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\"><\/a>([30]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 114.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\"><\/a>([31]) \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\"><\/a>([32]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 114.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\"><\/a>([33]) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0645. \u0633.\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\"><\/a>([34]) &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c 10 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 2017\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639: 3 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2024. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629: 23.00 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u064b. <a href=\"https:\/\/acesse.dev\/JIw7F\">https:\/\/acesse.dev\/JIw7F<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\"><\/a>([35]) \u0641\u064a 12 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0634\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 34 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 (12 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 2006 \u2013 14 \u0622\u0628 2006)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 1701 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651[1] The impact of the \u201cOrder of the Day\u201d speech on internal communication in the Lebanese Army \u0634\u0626\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634[2] Shaim Al-Darwish \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/8\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 14\/8\/2024 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[57],"class_list":["post-657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-57"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=657"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":716,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions\/716"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}