{"id":618,"date":"2024-09-12T11:44:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:44:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=618"},"modified":"2024-09-12T11:53:11","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:53:11","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d9%81%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=618","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Justice and Gender Equality in Secular and Religious Legislations (Selected Models and Applications)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>By Sheikh Dr. Ali Taleb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 17\/5\/2024\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 4\/6\/2024<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This study briefly revolves around the standards of justice and equality between men and women from both legal and religious perspectives. We have chosen some models such as: legal equality in civil, political, and social rights, and religious justice in inheritance, testimonies, and blood money. Additionally, we discuss the religious point of view related to early marriage, dowry, and polygamy, explaining the reasons and justifications for these legislations in Islam.<\/p>\n<p>We have made comparisons that highlight the points of agreement and differences between secular law and Sharia regarding these selected models.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0651 \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 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href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>1- \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 13)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 13)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 15)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. 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(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 7)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 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\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>4 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>5 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 ((sedaw.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c- \u0623\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>6 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1996.<\/p>\n<p>7 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649: \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2002.<\/p>\n<p>8 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0651\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983.<\/p>\n<p>9 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f.\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>10 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628: \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1381 \u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>11 &#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0646\u060c 1964.<\/p>\n<p>12 &#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008.<\/p>\n<p>13 &#8211; \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a- \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 2009.<\/p>\n<p>14 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p>15 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1987.<\/p>\n<p>16 &#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1988.<\/p>\n<p>17 &#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006.<\/p>\n<p>18 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06376\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n<p>19 &#8211; \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063717\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p>20 &#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1997.<\/p>\n<p>21 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644: \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1980.<\/p>\n<p>22 &#8211; \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1992.<\/p>\n<p>23 &#8211; \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645: \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 9\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0642\u0645\u060c 1434 \u0647\u0640.<\/p>\n<p>24 &#8211; \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1985.<\/p>\n<p>25 &#8211; \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644: \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648) \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2015.<\/p>\n<p>26 &#8211; \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 3\u060c \u062f. \u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1989.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&#8211; \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635155.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1992\u060c \u063533.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1985\u060c \u0635 185.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 (CEDAW) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18\/12\/1979.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 83.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>&#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0646\u060c 1964\u060c \u0635 74.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u063574.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>&#8211; \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 3\u060c \u062f. \u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1989\u060c \u0635 54.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>&#8211; \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0646\u0647\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 80.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 91.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>&#8211; \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a- \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c 2009\u060c \u0635 87.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 87.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>&#8211; \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 91 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9\/11\/1998\u060c \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (11) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>&#8211; \u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (18) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 (25) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647: \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c2\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1987\u060c \u0635371. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646: \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06372\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1983\u060c \u063580.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>&#8211; \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 30.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 221.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>&#8211; \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0648\u064a: \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637 9\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0645\u060c 1434 \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635137.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644: \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c3\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1980\u060c \u0635 937.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0630\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649: \u0633\u0646\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2002\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0631\u0642\u0645 105.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f.\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u062a\u060c \u0635 339.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a>&#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 253.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u06376\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 223.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a>&#8211; \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 100.000 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0629 10.000 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u061f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 32.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062a: \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 136.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 282.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a>&#8211; \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u063717\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1997\u060c \u0635 240.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>&#8211; \u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631: \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635 75.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0647\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 92.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a>&#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 253 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a>&#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 253.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a>&#8211; \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628: \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c 1381 \u0647\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b7\u060c \u063558.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 6.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644: \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1996\u060c \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b 1322.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a>&#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 170 \u0648 172.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 110.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635 70.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a>&#8211; \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 321 \u0648375 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644: \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u062c1\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648) \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635451.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635458.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644: \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 450.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 285.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 1\u06482.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 18.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a>&#8211; \u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0640 12943 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u064420 \u0648\u0627\u064424 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0640 26687 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0651\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 289.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635 287.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a>&#8211; \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 29-9-2013 \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u00a0 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062c 4654 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 aldyarlondon.com \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 17-2-2018. \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14-1-2014 \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f 114 \u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: alssbahnews.tn \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 17-2-2018. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 18-5-2014 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 faroukit.blogspot.com \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 17-2-2024.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a>&#8211; \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u063591.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646: \u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645.\u0645\u060c \u0635301.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645.\u0646\u060c \u0635 303.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629) Justice and Gender Equality in Secular and Religious Legislations (Selected Models and Applications) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628[1] By Sheikh Dr. Ali Taleb \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 17\/5\/2024\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 4\/6\/2024 \u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0644 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,50],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-50","tag-56"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=618"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":621,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/618\/revisions\/621"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}