{"id":614,"date":"2024-09-12T11:42:31","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:42:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=614"},"modified":"2024-09-12T11:53:11","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:53:11","slug":"%d8%ab%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85-1958-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%88%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=614","title":{"rendered":"\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8220;<\/strong><strong>The 1958 Revolution in Lebanon: Causes, Outcomes, and Its Lebanese and Arab Dimensions<\/strong><strong>&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abir<\/strong> <strong>Mahmoud hamadeh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 10\/3\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 21\/3\/2024<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1957\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0643\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The 1958 revolution in Lebanon was the result of internal tensions influenced by regional and international conflicts. With President Camille Chamoun aligning with Western policies and protests escalating due to the rigged 1957 elections, Lebanon experienced political and sectarian unrest. The revolution ended with U.S. military intervention and Chamoun&#8217;s resignation, leading to Fouad Chehab assuming the presidency, which paved the way for a period of relative stability and political reforms. This revolution was a significant milestone in Lebanon&#8217;s post-independence history, reflecting internal divisions over political orientations.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0636\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0622\u0628\/ \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1958\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u2013 \u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a . <strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c 1975\u060c \u0635 344)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1958 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 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\u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0651\u062d \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647: \u00ab\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. <strong>(<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 29)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\ud83d\ude41 1987)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631\u060c <\/strong>(1998)\u060c \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>: (2006)\u060c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c<\/strong> (2006)\u060c \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 14 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c (\u062f.\u062a).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/strong>: (1994)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d<\/strong>: (2000)\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u06371.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631<\/strong>: (2000)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06371.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633:<\/strong> (1975)\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u06371.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636<\/strong>: (1973)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637:<\/strong> (1987)\u060c \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06374.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646<\/strong>: (1977)\u060c \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u06371.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643<\/strong>: (1948)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0641<\/strong>: (2008)\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636<\/strong>: (1997)\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644:<\/strong> (2008)\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06373.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0633: 2014\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 1943-1990 \u2013 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u2013 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623.\u062f. \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641:<\/strong> 2011\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u06376.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0631 (1969)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u0645. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a)\u060c 2 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2012.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c (\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a)\u060c 16 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632\u060c 1958.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c 26(\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a)\u060c \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c 2002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;The 1958 Revolution in Lebanon: Causes, Outcomes, and Its Lebanese and Arab Dimensions&#8220; \u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 Abir Mahmoud hamadeh \u0623.\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627[1]\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a\u00a0 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627[2] \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 10\/3\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 21\/3\/2024 \u00a0 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1958 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-614","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-56"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=614"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":615,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/614\/revisions\/615"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=614"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=614"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=614"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}