{"id":604,"date":"2024-09-12T11:38:52","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:38:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=604"},"modified":"2024-09-12T11:53:11","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:53:11","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a%d9%91-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=604","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (volumetric analysis lessons)\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (<\/strong><strong>volumetric analysis lessons<\/strong><strong>)\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The effect of using the virtual laboratory in volumetric analysis lessons on the academic achievement of grade ten students in Chemistry <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>B<\/strong><strong>ilal Mahmoud Ajami<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 27\/6\/2024\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 15\/7\/2024<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165881\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e<\/strong><strong>\u0651\u0635<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 -\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile)- \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 61 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (SPSS) \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Microsoft Excel 2013). \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: \u0627<\/strong>\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165880\"><\/a><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Virtual laboratory is a learning instrument that is used to enhance education. The purpose of this study is to test the effect of using virtual laboratory application (Crocodile chemistry) in volumetric analysis lessons on tenth grade student\u2019s academic achievement in chemistry. This study was performed to detect the change in student\u2019s achievements when using virtual laboratory application among 61 students (control group and experimental group) in a private school in Southern suburb of Beirut, Lebanon. Data was gathered with pre results and post academic achievement test. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft excel 2013 program. Comparison was made between groups. It was concluded that the virtual chemistry laboratory application (Crocodile chemistry) in volumetric analysis lesson has a positive effect on the academic achievements of grade ten students in chemistry.<\/p>\n<h4>Keywords: Virtual laboratory, School laboratory, Academic achievement<\/h4>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173165885\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165886\"><\/a><strong>1.1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062c 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 (Tobin, 1990) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0641 (Lunetta &amp; Clough, 2007) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d 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E-learning).<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 (Synchronous E-learning) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651<\/h2>\n<p>\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&#8221;. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c (CD-ROM). \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a (ISSN1866-4784).<\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"_Toc173165892\"><\/a>2.5.1. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (Mercer et al., 1990) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 (Baltan, 2012) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 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name=\"_Toc173165896\"><\/a>6.5.1. \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile)<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u00a0 (Crocodile) \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633 (Crocodile Clips) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1994\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 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name=\"_Toc173160839\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/td>\n<td width=\"246\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651<\/td>\n<td width=\"265\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"161\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"246\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"265\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 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\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (Water) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a (Acids and Bases)). \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (Volumetric Analysis)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (Water) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a (Acids and Bases).<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165899\"><\/a><strong>8.1. \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165900\"><\/a><strong>9.1. \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 -\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile)- \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (Volumetric Analysis). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165901\"><\/a><strong>10.1. \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (Volumetric Analysis)\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (Water) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a (Acids and Bases)\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile)\u061f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173165902\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165903\"><\/a><strong>1.2. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646 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\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 (Ayas &amp; Tatli, 2013) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Tuysuz, 2010) \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c 2012) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 (Bajpai &amp; Kumar, 2014) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165904\"><\/a><strong>2.2. \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Tuysuz, 2010) \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f\u064a\u060c 2010) \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c 2012) \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 (Bajpai &amp; Kumar, 2014) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651: \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (CG): 30 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 5 \u0648 6 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (EG): 31 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 5 \u0648 6 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173165906\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165907\"><\/a><strong>1.3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (Volumetric Analysis). \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0639\u0644\u0649 30 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165908\"><\/a><strong>2.3. \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651). \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632 \u0635\u062d\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165909\"><\/a><strong>3.3. \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 61 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633 (\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631). \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0651 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160840\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2. \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"194\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"216\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"194\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633<\/td>\n<td width=\"216\">\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"194\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<td width=\"216\">30<\/td>\n<td width=\"180\">31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"194\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"396\">61<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165910\"><\/a><strong>4.3. \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 (<\/strong><strong>H0<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (<\/strong><strong>H1<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165911\"><\/a><strong>5.3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639: <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651: <\/strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165912\"><\/a><strong>6.3. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0633 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a 2015-2016\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u062a 18 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 50 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0651\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2016.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (CG): \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636-\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (EG): \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0648\u062d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18 \u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 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\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165915\"><\/a><strong>9.3. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Microsoft Excel 2013) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173165916\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165917\"><\/a><strong>1.4. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a (0-20) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 (Q1): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 [0, 5[<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Q2): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 [5, 10[<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b (Q3): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 [10, 15[<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Q4): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 [15\u060c 20[<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u03b1 = 0.05) \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (p &gt; 0.05) \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (p &lt; 0.05) \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u064a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165918\"><\/a><strong>2.4. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160841\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<table width=\"540\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"186\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"186\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\">30<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">31<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\">8.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">8.75<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\">9.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\">4.15<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">3.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"168\">18<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">17<\/td>\n<td width=\"186\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160888\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160889\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 2. \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a (Q2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b (Q3) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 36% \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 (Q1) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 18%\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Q4) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 9%. \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 43%.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629: <\/strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (Q2) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 41%\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (Q3) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 36%\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 (Q1) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 14%\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Q4) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 9%\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 35.5%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u00a0T\u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160842\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4. \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 t \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" width=\"623\"><strong>t-test for both control and experimental groups<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>Mean<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"146\"><strong>Standard deviation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"114\"><strong>t-<\/strong><strong>test<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"114\"><strong>significance<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\"><strong>Control Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">9.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"146\">4.15<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"114\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>0.4<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"114\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Not significant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\"><strong>Experimental Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"146\">3.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 t \u0647\u064a 0.4\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 (<em>p &gt; 0.05<\/em>). \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 (0.3) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165919\"><\/a><strong>3.4. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160843\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n<table width=\"570\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"198\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"198\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">30<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">31<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">11.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">15<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">14.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">3.69<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">3.39<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">9.25<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"174\">19<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">19.75<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160890\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160891\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a 4. \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"217\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b (Q3) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50%\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a () \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 36%\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (Q4) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 14%. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 63%. \u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (Q4) 50%\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (Q3) \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 36%\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (Q2) 14%. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 87%. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20%\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 51.5%.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173160844\"><\/a>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6. \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 t \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"5\" width=\"623\"><strong>t-test for both control and experimental groups<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\">&nbsp;<\/td>\n<td width=\"88\"><strong>Mean<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"146\"><strong>Standard deviation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"114\"><strong>t-<\/strong><strong>test<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"114\"><strong>significance<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\"><strong>Control Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"146\">3.69<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"114\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>0.01<\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"114\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>significant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"162\"><strong>Experimental Group<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"88\">14.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"146\">3.39<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 2.8 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0647\u064a 0.01\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u0651 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 (<em>p &lt; 0.05<\/em>)\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173165920\"><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile)- \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (Volumetric Analysis). \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 (14.8) \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062c\u0627\u062d (87%). \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (12) \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d (63%). \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 T \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 (p=0.01).<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 (Crocodile) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165921\"><\/a><strong>1.5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 -\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile)- \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (Volumetric Analysis): \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 -\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Crocodile)- \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<p>\u0623. \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc173165922\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/h1>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2002). \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u061f. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/em>\u060c 91(36)\u060c 18-23.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0639.\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0623. (2005). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062d. (2005). <em>\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a&#8221;: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u060c \u062d. (2008). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/em>. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623. (2004). <em>\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0632. (2009). <em>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0642. \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c\u062d. (2009). <em>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/em>. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c\u062e. (2010). \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/em>. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639. (2009). \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u0629. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <em>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632. (2008). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 . \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <em>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0623. (2010). \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629. <em>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c <em>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625. (2011). \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631). \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <em>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649\u060c<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u060c \u0645. (2012). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a. <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (1)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (8).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a name=\"_Toc173165923\"><\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bajpai, , &amp; kumar, A. (2014). Effect of Virtual Laboratory on Students\u2019 Conceptual Achievement in Physics<em>. International Journal of Current Research<\/em>, Vol.7, Issue, 02, pp.12808-12813.<\/li>\n<li>Baltan, A. (2012). Virtual laboratories in science education. <em>Journal of Educational Technology<\/em>, 15(3), 40-48.<\/li>\n<li>Hofstein, A., &amp; Mamlok-Naaman, R. (2007). The laboratory in science education: The state of the art. <em>Chemistry Education Research and Practice<\/em>, 8(2), 105-107.<\/li>\n<li>Horton, W., &amp; Horton, K. (2003<em>). E-learning Tools and Technologies: A consumer&#8217;s guide for trainers, teachers, educators, and instructional designers<\/em>. Indianapolis, IN: Wiley Publishing.<\/li>\n<li>Lunetta, V. N., &amp; Clough, M. P. (2007). Learning and teaching in the school science laboratory: An analysis of research, theory, and practice. In S. K. Abell &amp; N. G. Lederman (Eds.), <em>Handbook of research on science education<\/em> (pp. 393-441). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<\/li>\n<li>Mercer, L., Prusinkiewicz, P., &amp; Hanan, J. (1990). The concept and design of a virtual laboratory. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface &#8217;90 (pp. 120-126). Canadian Information Processing Society.<\/li>\n<li>Muhaisin, A. (2007). The role of virtual laboratories in science education. <em>Journal of Science Education<\/em>, 18(4), 75-82.<\/li>\n<li>Tatli, Z., &amp; Ayas, A. (2013). Effect of a Virtual Chemistry Laboratory on Students&#8217; Achievement. <em>Educational Technology &amp; Society<\/em>, 16 (1), 159\u2013170.<\/li>\n<li>Tobin, K. (1990). Research on science laboratory activities: In pursuit of better questions and answers to improve learning. <em>School Science and Mathematics<\/em>, 90(5), 403-418.<\/li>\n<li>Tuysuz, C. (2010). The Effect of the Virtual Laboratory on Students\u2019 Achievement and Attitude in Chemistry. <em>International Online Journal of Educational Sciences<\/em>, 2 (1), 37- 53.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651 (volumetric analysis lessons)\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0641\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 The effect of using the virtual laboratory in volumetric analysis lessons on the academic achievement of grade ten students in Chemistry \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a Bilal Mahmoud Ajami \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 27\/6\/2024\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,54],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-604","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-54","tag-56"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=604"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":607,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/604\/revisions\/607"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}