{"id":598,"date":"2024-09-12T11:35:45","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:35:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=598"},"modified":"2024-09-12T11:53:01","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T08:53:01","slug":"%d8%b5%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%91%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%91%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=598","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Challenges in Learning Arabic in Primary Classes: Causes and Solutions<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062f. \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr.Rima ahmad Ghanem <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/6\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 27\/6\/2024<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 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\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Learning Arabic at the early educational stages is confronted with difficulties similar to hidden disabilities. These challenges are attributed to various factors, including the learner&#8217;s own characteristics, the educational curricula, and the teacher&#8217;s execution of their instructional duties. This research aimed to highlight some of these difficulties, such as writing challenges, including students&#8217; struggles with spelling, and difficulties related to the pronunciation of letters during reading, known as dyslexia or reading disability. It also addresses the challenge of expressing thoughts clearly and in correct classical language. Additionally, the research discusses the issue of educational curricula that may hinder the teacher&#8217;s effectiveness if they do not incorporate appropriate pedagogical theories for the changes of the 21st century. It also presents some solutions that may help teachers address gaps in students who are struggling, leading to learners who are proficient in both oral and written communication.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a ,1994\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f14<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c2011\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 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\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a 1989\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u060c \u0639. \u062d. \u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628. \u0645. \u0639 \u00a0\u00a02016 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c 1987\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c 2017\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 9\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Harris, D. and others (1993) : Tourtte&#8217;s syndrome and learning disorders .<\/li>\n<li>Kuder, S. (1996). Teaching students with language and communication disabilities. Boston, London: Allyn &amp; Bacon.<\/li>\n<li>Lerner, J. (1992). Children with learning disabilities. Boston: Hou- ghton Mifflin company<\/li>\n<li>Lerner,J. Learning Disabilities , Wadsworth Language learning, USA<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li>-Siegel, L. (1992). An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of Dyslexia . Journal of Learning Disabilities,<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c 2012\u060c \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u063533<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c 2008\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0635 25<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c2011\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0635 30<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c 2014\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 16\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0635 10<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> &#8211; \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b) \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627) \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635 67<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 2008 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635 234.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c 2005 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635 51<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 67<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a 2002\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635.374<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> &#8211; Lerner,J. Learning Disabilities , Wadsworth Language learning, USA.p.233<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 348<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u00a0&#8211; \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2006\u060c \u0635 87<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> &#8211; \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u060c 2012\u060c \u0635 498<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> &#8211; \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 430<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> &#8211; \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 19.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0&#8211; Harris, D and others (1993) : Tourtte&#8217;s syndrome and learning disorders . The learning disabilities of America conference . san Francisco<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 1998 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0635 450<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> &#8211; \u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u062c\u0644 1993\u060c \u00a0\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u060c\u00a0 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 10.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c 1998 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c.\u0635 454.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u00a0&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627 Dyslexia \u0647\u064a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651) \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f .<\/p>\n<p>( \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0644\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c 2004)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c 2005\u060c \u0639\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0635 35.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 2000\u060c \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 23.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> -Siegel, L. (1992). An evaluation of the discrepancy definition of Dyslexia . Journal of Learning Disabilities, , 61<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> &#8211; Kuder, S. (1996). Teaching students with language and communication disabilities. Boston, London: Allyn &amp; Bacon.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> &#8211; Lerner, J. (1992). Children with learning disabilities. Boston: Hou- ghton Mifflin company<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 45<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c 1987\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0651\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 45<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> &#8211; \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1990: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 30.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> &#8211;\u00a0 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a 1989\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0635 92.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> &#8211;\u00a0 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 1990: \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 45.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> &#8211; \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 1987\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0635 121<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> &#8211; \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a 2009\u060c \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0635 276<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> &#8211;\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u0643\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a\u060c\u00a0 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 240<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 132<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>&#8211; \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u060c \u0639. \u062d. \u00a0\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628. \u0645. \u0639\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a02016 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u00a0\u0635 9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a>&#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062d. \u062d. 2008. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649\u060c \u0623. . 2013. \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629- \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0644\u0627 \u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u00a0&#8211; \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645. \u0646. 2013. \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 56<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645. \u0639. 1999 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c\u060c \u0635 347<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> &#8211; \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 2013\u060c\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635 59<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a \u00a0,1994\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c14 \u060c \u0635158.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 \u0661\u0666\u0660<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> &#8211; \u0631\u0634\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c 2000\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0635 13.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> &#8211; \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c 2017\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 9\u060c \u0635 4\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 2015\u060c\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0635 150<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u060c 2005\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u060c\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621.\u063585 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> &#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 151<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 Challenges in Learning Arabic in Primary Classes: Causes and Solutions \u062f. \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 Dr.Rima ahmad Ghanem \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 1\/6\/2024\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 27\/6\/2024 &nbsp; \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":581,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,54],"tags":[56],"class_list":["post-598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-54","tag-56"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/598","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=598"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/598\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":599,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/598\/revisions\/599"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/581"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=598"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=598"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=598"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}