{"id":532,"date":"2024-07-08T14:59:16","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T11:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=532"},"modified":"2024-07-08T15:36:04","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T12:36:04","slug":"%d9%85%d9%88%d9%82%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d9%91%d8%a8%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=532","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 <\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629&#8221; 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and opposition, towards the declaration of Arab unity in the initial stages preceding Arab unity. During this period, relations between the Syrian Ba&#8217;ath Party and President Gamal Abdel Nasser fluctuated between occasional support and doctrinal opposition, leading to sharp differences at times, which ultimately led to a convergence between the Syrian Ba&#8217;ath Party and the Lebanese government in their hostility towards Nasser.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Despite the intersecting positions between Christians on one side and the Syrian Ba&#8217;ath Party on the other in their opposition to the Syrian-Egyptian unity, their motivations remained fundamentally divergent. The Kataeb Party&#8217;s positions remained moderate, as evidenced by the statement of the party&#8217;s leader, Sheikh Pierre Gemayel at the time, expressing skepticism towards the Syrian-Egyptian policy. The Arab Socialist Ba&#8217;ath Party, on the other hand, supported the unity. Meanwhile, the communists not only did not oppose the unity but also supported it, as they were concerned about Lebanon&#8217;s position and role in regional politics. As for the Progressive Socialist Party, it endorsed the Nasserist unity, with Jumblatt explicitly declaring his support for it during his speech in Damascus on March 9, 1958.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a 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\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 1993<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2003<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2004<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 1978<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0631<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646: \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 1993\u060c \u0635296.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635148.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635149.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (26).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (26).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (26).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635149.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c 1993\u060c \u0635331.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c 4 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3622)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (20).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c 9 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3627)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (20).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063595.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 8 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (335)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 29 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1816)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635117.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 5 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1821)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 1978\u060c \u0635113.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 8 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (335)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0625\u064a\u063a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635264.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 1 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6796)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c 2 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1818)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635142.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062a \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0646\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u064a\u0633\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f..&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6800)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 3 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1957\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6694)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6800)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u063580.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6800)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c 14 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (1707)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (36).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 8 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (335)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (6).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 7 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6799)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0627\u063a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635137.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 5 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6799)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c 26 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (3715)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (20).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 6 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6800)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 5 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1958\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f (6799)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 (25).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1997\u060c \u06356.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6\/6\/1919 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0646 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\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639: \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063599.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 5 \u0622\u0628 1947\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d 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&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":494,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,49],"tags":[55],"class_list":["post-532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-49","tag-55"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":537,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/532\/revisions\/537"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/494"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}