{"id":1221,"date":"2026-06-22T16:13:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T13:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=1221"},"modified":"2026-06-22T16:33:37","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T13:33:37","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%91%d8%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=1221","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Le r\u00f4le de l&#8217;administration \u00e9ducative dans la r\u00e9alisation de la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Lausanne Caamas<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Cette \u00e9tude vise \u00e0 analyser le r\u00f4le de l\u2019administration \u00e9ducative dans la r\u00e9alisation de la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants, \u00e0 travers une \u00e9tude de terrain bas\u00e9e sur l\u2019approche descriptive analytique. L\u2019\u00e9chantillon de l\u2019\u00e9tude est compos\u00e9 de (300) enseignants et enseignantes choisis de mani\u00e8re al\u00e9atoire. Le questionnaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 comme outil principal de collecte des donn\u00e9es et comprend deux axes principaux : les pratiques de l\u2019administration \u00e9ducative et la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants. La validit\u00e9 et la fiabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019outil ont \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019aide du coefficient Alpha de Cronbach.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que le niveau des pratiques de l\u2019administration \u00e9ducative varie entre moyen et \u00e9lev\u00e9, tandis que le niveau de satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants est moyen. Les r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9galement r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 l\u2019existence d\u2019une corr\u00e9lation positive statistiquement significative entre les pratiques de l\u2019administration \u00e9ducative et le niveau de satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants. L\u2019\u00e9tude conclut que l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des pratiques administratives, notamment le soutien professionnel, la participation \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision et la motivation, contribue \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants. Enfin, l\u2019\u00e9tude propose plusieurs recommandations visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer l\u2019administration \u00e9ducative et l\u2019environnement de travail scolaire.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Mots-cl\u00e9s : <\/strong>Administration \u00e9ducative, satisfaction professionnelle, enseignants, leadership scolaire, environnement \u00e9ducatif.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Hoy &amp; Miskel, 2018).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 Bush (2020) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Day et al., 2016).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Locke, 1976). \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 (Judge et al., 2017).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 (Skaalvik &amp; Skaalvik, 2018).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647 (Leithwood et al., 2020).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0648\u062e \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629<\/strong><strong> (2021)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651. \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c 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\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651<\/strong><strong> (2021)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00a0<strong>Skaalvik &amp; Skaalvik (2017)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00a0<strong>Leithwood et al. (2020)<\/strong> \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00a0<strong>Judge et al. (2017)<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646<strong> 300 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0635\u0651\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a 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\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Pearson Correlation).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0633\u0651\u064e\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621 <strong>\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><strong> (Cronbach\u2019s Alpha)<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/strong><strong> (Pearson Correlation Coefficient)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632)\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/strong><strong> (t-test)<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><strong> (One Way ANOVA)<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u0651. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645. (2012). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/em>. \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639. (2021). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/em>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0636: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0648\u062e\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629\u060c \u0633. (2021). \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0651. <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c 22<\/em>(2)\u060c 1143\u20131179.<\/p>\n<p>Bush, T. (2020). <em>Theories of educational leadership and management<\/em> (5th ed.). London: Sage.<\/p>\n<p>Day, C., Gu, Q., &amp; Sammons, P. (2016). <em>The impact of leadership on student outcomes<\/em>. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 221\u2013258.<\/p>\n<p>Hoy, W. K., &amp; Miskel, C. G. (2018). <em>Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice<\/em> (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.<\/p>\n<p>Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., &amp; Hulin, C. L. (2017). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and change. <em>Journal of Applied Psychology, 102<\/em>(3), 356\u2013374.<\/p>\n<p>Leithwood, K., Harris, A., &amp; Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership. <em>School Leadership &amp; Management, 40<\/em>(1), 5\u201322.<\/p>\n<p>Skaalvik, E. M., &amp; Skaalvik, S. (2017). Teacher stress and teacher self-efficacy as predictors of engagement, emotional exhaustion, and motivation. <em>Teaching and Teacher Education, 67<\/em>, 152\u2013160.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 Le r\u00f4le de l&#8217;administration \u00e9ducative dans la r\u00e9alisation de la satisfaction professionnelle des enseignants \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0635 Lausanne Caamas \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u00a05\/\u00a0 1\/ 2026 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u00a029\/\u00a0 2\/2026 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,54],"tags":[64],"class_list":["post-1221","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-54","tag-64"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1221"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1253,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1221\/revisions\/1253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1221"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1221"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}