{"id":1140,"date":"2026-03-23T23:02:46","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T20:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=1140"},"modified":"2026-03-24T00:02:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T21:02:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%91-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b8%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=1140","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f 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Allaw<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 4\/ 11 \/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 21\/ \u00a012 \/2025<\/p>\n<p><strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651-\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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\u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00a0 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u00a0 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The title has gained a prominent position in modern linguistic studies, as it is regarded as a semantic space and a multi-dimensional interpretive possibility. Based on this conception, the research addresses the role of the title in interpreting discourse, by revealing the relationship between the title and the discursive text in the novel Al-Tantouriya (as an applied model), within a pragmatic framework. The study proceeds first through the domain related to the structure of the title and its meanings, and then through the domain related to the semantic interaction between the title and the discursive text, which encompassed the stages of the narrator Ruqayya\u2019s life. The study concludes that the title Al-Tantouriya played a direct role in highlighting the affiliation of the narrative discourse with the referential and historical space of the Tantoura massacre, and in directing the reader\u2019s reception of the semantic contexts derived from the text, to uncover a specific intentionality: carrying the act of belonging and the right of return across generations, by protecting memory from erasure and oblivion. Thus, it becomes clear that the value of the title lies in combining the naming function, which defines the discourse and frames it within a specific context, with the interpretive function, which grants it an extended semantic depth throughout the discursive text.<\/p>\n<p>Keywords: Title \u2013 Discourse \u2013 Naming function \u2013 Interpretive function \u2013 Context \u2013 Intentionality \u2013 Memory \u2013 Belonging.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 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\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a: \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\/ \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644\u0647\u061b \u0644\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u0636\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0651\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644): \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c 2010.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0631 (\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1998.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0631\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u064a): \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c 1995.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f): \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c\u060c 2000.<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u062f. \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a): \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2000.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631): \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2010.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0647\u0631\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628- \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2004.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 2011.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 (\u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632): \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 1985.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u062f): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 2014.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648 (\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c 1986.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0643 (\u0641\u0627\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0637.1\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642\u060c 1999.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651): \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 1992.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 (\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0649:627 \u0647): \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2002.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u00a0\u062d\u0631\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u064a): \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c 1995\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0623\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648 (\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0632): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062f.\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c 1986.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06372\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642\u060c 2011.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1946\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629: \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c 2004\u060c \u0635 40..52 \u0648\u0635 180..220.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f): \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u06373\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c\u060c 2000\u060c \u0635 70.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0631 (\u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1998. \u0635 8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u00a0\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 (\u062f.\u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a): \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 2000\u060c \u0635 61&#8230;66.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0651\u0627\u0631 (\u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a): \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0642\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c 1998\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 460.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642 (\u062f.\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632): \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1985\u060c \u0635 130&#8230;158.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u062f): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628\u060c 2014\u060c \u0635 45.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 (\u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644): \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 26.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u00a0\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631): \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0634\u0631\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 7 \u06488.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621:63.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0651\u0634 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651): \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0637.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631: \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c 1992\u060c \u0635 43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u00a0\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0643 (\u0641\u0627\u0646): \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0637.1\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642\u060c 1999\u060c \u0635 292.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u06358.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 9 \u064810 \u064811 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u06359 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u00a0\u0635 16&#8230;22 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 12 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 235.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u063554 \u064855<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u00a0\u0635 59 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 60.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 61.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 67 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u063568 \u064869 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 73 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 73 \u064874.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 200.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 79&#8230;83.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 91 \u064892.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 93.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 113.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 114 \u0648115.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 113.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 115.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 120.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 121 \u0648122.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 125.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 146.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 148.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 149.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 152.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 140.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 141.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 158 \u0648159 \u0648160.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 164.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 173.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 224&#8230;230.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 246&#8230;254.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 239.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 259.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 260.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 138.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 84 \u064885.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 204 \u0648205.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 206.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 234.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 276 \u0648277.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 288.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\">[69]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 321&#8230; 324.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 327 \u0648328.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 336 \u0648337.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 337.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 361 \u0648362 \u0648363.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\">[74]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 378 \u0648379.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\">[75]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c\u0635 393.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\">[76]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 395.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref77\" name=\"_ftn77\">[77]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 385.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref78\" name=\"_ftn78\">[78]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 397.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref79\" name=\"_ftn79\">[79]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 398.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref80\" name=\"_ftn80\">[80]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 417.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref81\" name=\"_ftn81\">[81]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 411 \u0648 418.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref82\" name=\"_ftn82\">[82]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 419.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref83\" name=\"_ftn83\">[83]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651 (\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0649:627 \u0647): \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u06371\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c 2002.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref84\" name=\"_ftn84\">[84]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0635 352 ..359.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref85\" name=\"_ftn85\">[85]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 366..370.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref86\" name=\"_ftn86\">[86]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 370..375.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref87\" name=\"_ftn87\">[87]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 404&#8230;409.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref88\" name=\"_ftn88\">[88]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 426 \u0648427.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref89\" name=\"_ftn89\">[89]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 427.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref90\" name=\"_ftn90\">[90]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 427.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref91\" name=\"_ftn91\">[91]<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 (\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649): \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0641 56&#8230;58.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref92\" name=\"_ftn92\">[92]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 430 \u0648431.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref93\" name=\"_ftn93\">[93]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u00a0\u0635 427 \u0648428.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref94\" name=\"_ftn94\">[94]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 436 \u0648437 \u0648438.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref95\" name=\"_ftn95\">[95]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 439 \u0648440.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref96\" name=\"_ftn96\">[96]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 441 \u0648442 \u0648443.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref97\" name=\"_ftn97\">[97]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 431 \u0648432 \u0648433.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref98\" name=\"_ftn98\">[98]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 440.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref99\" name=\"_ftn99\">[99]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635443 \u0648444 \u0648445.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref100\" name=\"_ftn100\">[100]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 447.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref101\" name=\"_ftn101\">[101]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 448.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref102\" name=\"_ftn102\">[102]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 448 \u0648449 \u0648450.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref103\" name=\"_ftn103\">[103]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 451 \u0648452.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref104\" name=\"_ftn104\">[104]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 452.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref105\" name=\"_ftn105\">[105]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 452.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref106\" name=\"_ftn106\">[106]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 452 \u0648453.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref107\" name=\"_ftn107\">[107]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 453 \u0648454.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref108\" name=\"_ftn108\">[108]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 454.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref109\" name=\"_ftn109\">[109]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 456 \u0648457 \u0648458.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref110\" name=\"_ftn110\">[110]<\/a> \u00a0\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 459.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0636\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627) The Pragmatic Dimension of the Title: From the Naming Function to the Interpretive Function (Al-Tantouriyya by Radwa Ashour as a Case Study) \u062f.\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0648\u0647 Dr. Ghada Allaw \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 4\/ 11 \/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 21\/ \u00a012 \/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,48],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-1140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-48","tag-63"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1140"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1161,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1140\/revisions\/1161"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1140"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1140"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1140"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}