{"id":1071,"date":"2026-01-01T17:09:29","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T14:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=1071"},"modified":"2026-01-01T17:45:53","modified_gmt":"2026-01-01T14:45:53","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%91-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b6%d9%88%d8%a1-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/?p=1071","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Translation and Scientific Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Prospective Study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0623.\u062f. \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u2013 \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/strong><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Prof. Layal Merhy -Dr Eliane Mhanna<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 27\/ 8\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/9\/2025<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651.pdf\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c <strong>\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Translation today is increasingly shaped by automation, driven by the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI). This has led students to rely extensively on intelligent applications for documentation and academic research, benefiting from the speed and efficiency these tools provide. Although such tools produce texts that appear fluent and coherent \u2013 often creating the impression of accuracy and competence that might seem to eliminate the need for human intervention \u2013 they still contain gaps and flaws that require critical review to ensure academic and linguistic quality. In this context, the present study examines how researchers and translators, both faculty and students, engage with AI, the factors influencing their perceptions of it, and the ways its technologies can be effectively integrated into research and translation. The study further aims to demonstrate the close relationship between AI and academic work, despite its current unregulated use, highlighting the necessity of incorporating AI across all academic fields, particularly in translation teaching and learning, scientific research, and curriculum development, as its influence on academic practice cannot be overlooked. To collect and analyze data, the study employs two complementary methods: a questionnaire, and interviews with a group of participants, designed to deepen the understanding of individual experiences, refine the analysis, and enable a more precise discussion of results. Finally, the study proposes practical strategies for applying and regulating AI in academic research to ensure its effective and sustainable use.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> artificial intelligence, academic work, research, translation, curriculum development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627. \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>Tropy \u0648<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>Voyant \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0651\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 GoogleTranslate \u0648DeepL) \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0651\u0629 (Hoffman\u060c 2020). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0643 (Schick\u060c 2021) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (NLP)\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 Turnitin<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a> \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643 (Leclercq\u060c 2022) \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 (\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (Translation Memory) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Term Base). \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0651\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632\u0629 (Augmented Translation) \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0651\u0632&#8221; (Augmented Reality)<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f 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\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a 2022). <strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0633 <\/strong>[\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629]. \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<p><u>https:\/\/www.ul.edu.lb\/files\/announcements\/annonce_5_9322_8666.pdf<\/u><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Afou, M. (2023). <em>La suspension des programmes de traduction \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ottawa s\u00e8me la controverse.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/1979014\/suspension-programme-traduction-universite-ottawa-billinguisme-scandale\">https:\/\/ici.radio-canada.ca\/nouvelle\/1979014\/suspension-programme-traduction-universite-ottawa-billinguisme-scandale<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Argiroffo, F. (2024). <em>Comment le secteur de la traduction s&#8217;adapte au d\u00e9veloppement de l&#8217;IA.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rts.ch\/info\/sciences-tech\/14628844-comment-le-secteur-de-la-traduction-sadapte-au-developpement-de-lia.html\">https:\/\/www.rts.ch\/info\/sciences-tech\/14628844-comment-le-secteur-de-la-traduction-sadapte-au-developpement-de-lia.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bekkali, I. (2024). <em>L\u2019\u00c9cole de traduction et d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation menac\u00e9e d\u2019extinction.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.larotonde.ca\/lecole-de-traduction-et-dinterpretation-menacee-dextinction\/\">https:\/\/www.larotonde.ca\/lecole-de-traduction-et-dinterpretation-menacee-dextinction\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bo\u00e9ri, J., &amp; Baker, M. (2025). Against market ideologies and AI-powered translation: Advancing a humane approach to translation and open science. <em>Encounters in Translation, 3.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/publications-prairial.fr\/encounters-in-translation\/index.php?id=978\">https:\/\/publications-prairial.fr\/encounters-in-translation\/index.php?id=978<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Bostrom, N., &amp; Yudkowsky, E. (2021). Ethics of artificial intelligence and robotics. In <em>The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence<\/em> (pp. 102\u2013124).<\/p>\n<p>Bourcier, P. (2023). Textes \u00e9crits par IA et textes humains: Comment les diff\u00e9rencier? <em>Revue des sciences cognitives, 14<\/em>(1), 92\u2013110.<\/p>\n<p>Carr, P. (2023). Generative AI: Friend or foe for the translation industry? <em>Forbes Technology Council.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/councils\/forbestechcouncil\/2023\/08\/11\/generative-ai-friend-or-foe-for-the-translation-industry\/\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/councils\/forbestechcouncil\/2023\/08\/11\/generative-ai-friend-or-foe-for-the-translation-industry\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chan, C. K. Y., &amp; Hu, W. (2023). Students\u2019 voices on generative AI: Perceptions, benefits, and challenges in higher education. <em>arXiv.<\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.00290\">http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2305.00290<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Chelli, M., Descamps, J., Lavoue, V., Trojani, C., Azar, M., Deckert, M., Raynier, J. L., Clowez, G., Boileau, P., &amp; Ruetsch-Chelli, C. (2024). Hallucination rates and reference accuracy of ChatGPT and Bard for systematic reviews: Comparative analysis. <em>Journal of Medical Internet Research, 26.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11153973\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11153973\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Combs, D. (2018). Artificial intelligence and humanities: Exploring AI in cultural research. <em>Journal of Digital Humanities, 12<\/em>(3), 45\u201367.<\/p>\n<p>Costa-Jussa, M. R. (2018). From feature to paradigm: Deep learning in machine translation. <em>Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 61,<\/em> 947\u2013974.<\/p>\n<p>Dupont, J., Bourcier, P., &amp; Martin, L. (2021). L&#8217;intelligence artificielle et la recherche en sciences humaines: Opportunit\u00e9s et d\u00e9fis. <em>Revue fran\u00e7aise d&#8217;informatique, 58<\/em>(3), 217\u2013233.<\/p>\n<p>Editorial. (2025). The risk of letting AI do your thinking. <em>Financial Times.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/1f731d9f-5534-4435-b440-e1ded13202a8?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/1f731d9f-5534-4435-b440-e1ded13202a8?utm_source=chatgpt.com<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Farquhar, S., Kossen, J., Kuhn, L., &amp; Gal, Y. (2024). Detecting hallucinations in large language models using semantic entropy. <em>Nature, 630,<\/em> 625\u2013630. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07421-0\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-024-07421-0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Feynman, R. (2021). Exploring cultural contexts with AI: A new approach to linguistic research. <em>Linguistic Research Today, 10<\/em>(4), 87\u2013109.<\/p>\n<p>Floridi, L. (2020). The ethical challenges of artificial intelligence in higher education. <em>AI &amp; Society, 35<\/em>(3), 705\u2013717.<\/p>\n<p>Gaillard, F. (2021). Les limites de l&#8217;IA dans l&#8217;analyse litt\u00e9raire: \u00c9tude critique. <em>Journal des \u00e9tudes litt\u00e9raires, 19<\/em>(4), 332\u2013348.<\/p>\n<p>Herbig, N., Pal, S., Van Genabith, J., &amp; Kr\u00fcger, A. (2019). Integrating artificial and human intelligence for efficient translation. <em>arXiv.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1903.02978\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1903.02978<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Hoffman, M. (2020). Machine translation and linguistic accuracy: A study of Google Translate. <em>Journal of Translation Studies, 27<\/em>(2), 105\u2013122.<\/p>\n<p>Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1, Z. (2024). Comparing the efficiency of source text pre-editing vs. machine translation post-editing. <em>L10N Journal, 2<\/em>(3), 42\u201359. <a href=\"https:\/\/l10njournal.net\/index.php\/home\/article\/view\/44\/46\">https:\/\/l10njournal.net\/index.php\/home\/article\/view\/44\/46<\/a><\/p>\n<p>International Organization for Standardization [ISO]. (2015). <em>ISO 17100 \u2013 Translation services \u2013 Requirements for translation services.<\/em> British Standards Institution. <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/translation-services-requirements-for-translation-services\">https:\/\/knowledge.bsigroup.com\/products\/translation-services-requirements-for-translation-services<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jim\u00e9nez-Crespo, M. A. (2025). Human-centered AI and the future of translation technologies: What professionals think about control and autonomy in the AI era. <em>Information, 16<\/em>(5), 387. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16050387\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/info16050387<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Jones, P. (2022). Ethical implications of AI in academic research. <em>Journal of Ethics in Academia, 34<\/em>(2), 145\u2013160.<\/p>\n<p>Langley, C., Cuzzolin, F., &amp; Sahakian, B. (2024). Neuroscience for AI: The importance of theory of mind. In M. Ienca &amp; G. Starke (Eds.), <em>Developments in neuroethics and bioethics \u2013 Volume 7: Brains and machines: Towards a unified ethics of AI and neuroscience<\/em> (pp. 65\u201383). Elsevier. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.dnb.2024.03.001\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.dnb.2024.03.001<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Leclercq, M. (2022). D\u00e9tection de plagiat par IA: Un outil indispensable pour la recherche acad\u00e9mique. <em>Revue d\u2019\u00e9thique et d\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 acad\u00e9mique, 11<\/em>(2), 45\u201367.<\/p>\n<p>Leduc, L. (2025). <em>Notre m\u00e9tier ne dispara\u00eetra pas demain matin.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lapresse.ca\/affaires\/2025-05-10\/traduction-et-intelligence-artificielle\/notre-metier-ne-disparaitra-pas-demain-matin.php\">https:\/\/www.lapresse.ca\/affaires\/2025-05-10\/traduction-et-intelligence-artificielle\/notre-metier-ne-disparaitra-pas-demain-matin.php<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lonas, L. (2023). Professor attempts to fail students after falsely accusing them of using ChatGPT to cheat. https:\/\/thehill.com\/homenews\/education\/4010647-professor-attempts-to-fail-students-after-falsely-accusing-them-of-using-chatgpt-to-cheat\/<\/p>\n<p>Miao, F., &amp; Holmes, W. (2023). <em>Guidance for generative AI in education and research.<\/em> UNESCO. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54675\/EWZM9535\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.54675\/EWZM9535<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Microsoft. (2024). <em>Using artificial intelligence and large language models for translation.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/globalization\/localization\/ai\/ai-and-llms-for-translation\">https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/globalization\/localization\/ai\/ai-and-llms-for-translation<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Narayanan, A., &amp; Kapoor, S. (2024). <em>AI snake oil: What artificial intelligence can do, what it can\u2019t, and how to tell the difference.<\/em> Princeton University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Ray, P. P. (2023). ChatGPT: A comprehensive review on background, applications, key challenges, bias, ethics, limitations and future scope. <em>Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 3,<\/em> 121\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iotcps.2023.04.003<\/p>\n<p>Rivi\u00e8re, A. (2020). L&#8217;IA et la revue de litt\u00e9rature: Vers une automatisation totale? <em>Revue des m\u00e9thodes de recherche, 34<\/em>(2), 119\u2013135.<\/p>\n<p>RWS. (2025). <em>Riding the AI shockwave report.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rws.com\/about\/riding-the-ai-shockwave\/report\/\">https:\/\/www.rws.com\/about\/riding-the-ai-shockwave\/report\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Scheerder, A., Van Deursen, A., &amp; Van Dijk, J. (2017). Determinants of Internet skills, uses and outcomes: A systematic review of the second- and third-level digital divide. <em>Telematics and Informatics, 34<\/em>(8), 1607\u20131624. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2017.07.007\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2017.07.007<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Schick, T. (2021). Natural language processing in linguistics: Advances and challenges. <em>Computational Linguistics Journal, 39<\/em>(4), 332\u2013348.<\/p>\n<p>Stillman, J. (2019). AI and the researcher: Complementing human efforts in academia. <em>Journal of Academic Innovation, 15<\/em>(1), 12\u201330.<\/p>\n<p>Wu, L., Tian, F., Qin, T., Lai, J., &amp; Liu, T. Y. (2018). A study of reinforcement learning for neural machine translation. <em>arXiv:1808.08866.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1808.08866\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1808.08866<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Xu, Z. (2025). Patterns and purposes: A cross-journal analysis of AI tool usage in academic writing. <em>arXiv:2502.00632v1.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2502.00632\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2502.00632<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zhao, Y., &amp; Wang, Q. (2024). Applying augmented reality multimedia technology to construct a platform for translation and teaching system. <em>Heliyon, 10<\/em>(7). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28700\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28700<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Zoph, B., Yuret, D., May, J., &amp; Knight, K. (2016). Transfer learning for low-resource neural machine translation. In <em>Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.<\/em> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/D16-1163<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06451<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"99%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"43%\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"9%\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(Google Translate or else)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.08<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">15<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.33<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.18<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 <\/strong><strong>(ChatGPT or else)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.33<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.19<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.13<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.12<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.94<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.19<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.22<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"26%\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.15<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06452<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"42%\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"9%\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.13<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.13<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.04<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.42<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0.82<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.01<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1.24<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"9%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2.0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0.82<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06453<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u061f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"38%\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.17<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.81<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">1.89<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.16<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">1.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.97<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">13<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.21<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.9<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">11<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">1.81<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.95<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">1.94<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.33<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.07<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.37<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06454<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0633 <\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u061f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"38%\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.87<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.87<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.87<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.7<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">2.19<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.7<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">2.19<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.7<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">2.19<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.5<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.79<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">3.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">2.13<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06455<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u061f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"38%\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.65<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.23<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">14<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">16<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.29<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.88<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.03<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.38<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.13<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.07<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.93<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">11<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">12<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.37<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.07<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">11<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.53<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.28<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.78<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.41<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u06456<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0633<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u061f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td colspan=\"6\" width=\"38%\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u062a\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"8%\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\"><strong>\u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\"><strong>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">1.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.04<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.31<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.84<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">0.82<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">1.8<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.04<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.23<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.2<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.10<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"27%\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"4%\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"7%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"5%\">0<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">2.3<\/td>\n<td width=\"10%\">1.24<\/td>\n<td width=\"6%\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"8%\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1075\" src=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"591\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1.jpg 591w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/1-580x241.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u06452<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1076\" src=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"616\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2.jpg 616w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/2-580x229.jpg 580w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u06453<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1077\" src=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1014\" height=\"460\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3.png 1014w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-580x263.png 580w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/3-768x348.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1014px) 100vw, 1014px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u06454<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1078\" src=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"977\" height=\"392\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/4.png 977w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/4-300x120.png 300w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/4-580x233.png 580w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/4-768x308.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 977px) 100vw, 977px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u06455<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1079\" src=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"963\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/5.png 963w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/5-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/5-580x273.png 580w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/5-768x362.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0631\u0642\u06456<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1080\" src=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"997\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/6.png 997w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/6-300x128.png 300w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/6-580x248.png 580w, https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/6-768x329.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 997px) 100vw, 997px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c layal.merhy@ul.edu.lb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c e.mhanna@ul.edu.lb<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651&#8221; (GenAI) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u062a\u064a (ChatGPT) \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a (Gemini) \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0643 (Deep Seek) \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f (Claude) \u2013 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064b\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (NLP) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646 &amp; \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0631\u060c 2024).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a> <strong>\u201cWhile AI offers tremendous benefits, such as improving efficiency and accelerating research, it also poses dangers like &#8216;cognitive offloading&#8217;\u2014the tendency to rely on machines for thinking, which could weaken human memory and critical thinking over time\u201d <\/strong>(Editorial \u2013 Financial Times, August 2025).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u201cHallucinations are often defined as LLMs generating <em>content that is nonsensical or unfaithful to the provided source content<\/em>\u00a0but they have come to include a vast array of failures of faithfulness and factuality. We focus on a subset of hallucinations which we call \u2018confabulations\u2019\u00a0for which LLMs fluently make claims that are both wrong and arbitrary\u2014by which we mean that the answer is sensitive to irrelevant details such as random seed (Farquhar &amp; al. 2024).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (LLM) \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627. (https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u201cBecause of the black-box nature of these tools, it is difficult to identify when they are hallucinating and when they are reporting true facts\u201d (Chan &amp; Hu, 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u201cGenAI tools are trained on human-created discourse, they become a mirror of the biased views in our discourse\u201d (Ray, 2023).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Theory of Mind can be viewed as a \u201ccomplex holistic process that can be decomposed into a number of\u00a0<em>hot<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>cold<\/em>\u00a0cognitive processes.\u00a0<em>Cold<\/em>\u00a0cognitive processes\u00a0are non-emotional, whereas\u00a0<em>hot<\/em>\u00a0cognitive processes\u00a0are both social and emotional. (\u2026) Despite their impressive feats, even state-of-the-art AI models still miss a key component of human cognition: theory of mind\u201d (Langley &amp; al., 2024, p.65).<\/p>\n<h6><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0651\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0651\u0629 (https:\/\/tropy.org).<\/h6>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 (https:\/\/voyant-tools.org\/).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 (https:\/\/www.turnitin.com).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Neural Machine Translation) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0651 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 (Costa-Jussa\u060c 2018).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0651\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Hud\u00e1kov\u00e1\u060c 2024).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064e\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0651\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0651\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Herbig &amp;al.\u060c 2019).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Zhao &amp; Wang\u060c 2024).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629(Hybrid Machine Translation \u2013 HMT) \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f (Rule-based \u2013 RBMT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 (Statistical \u2013 SMT)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 (NMT)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u062e\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 (www.machinetranslation.com).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0651\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (MT)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 (CAT)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (TMS)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (TM)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (CMS)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a (ISO 17100\u060c www.iso.org).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628. <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u060c<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u060c \u0641\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u062e\u0630\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0622\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0651 (Zoph &amp; al. 2016\u060c Wu &amp; al. 2018).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a \u0632\u0648 (Ziyang Xu\u060c 2025) \u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8220;<strong>\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a \u062a\u064a&#8221; \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 77<\/strong><strong>%<\/strong><strong> (\u0645\u0646 168 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651)<\/strong><strong>\u060c<\/strong> \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (p=0.0483)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 (p=0.0012)\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0645\u0627 <strong>\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 (51%) <\/strong><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651 (22%<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064e\u064a\u0646 2023 \u06482024\u060c \u0636\u062c\u0651\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 (ici.radio-canada\u060c lapresse.ca) \u0628\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0631 (FSU) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0651\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 DeepL \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0624\u0643\u0651\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0634\u0648 Jesse Robichaud (lapresse.ca\u060c 2025)\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2026\u060c\u00a0 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0651\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u064e\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u00ab\u00a0Les textes produits par les machines tiennent tout \u00e0 fait debout au niveau de la grammaire et de l&#8217;orthographe, mais il peut y avoir beaucoup de petits d\u00e9fauts. Donc si on n&#8217;a pas acquis la comp\u00e9tence au pr\u00e9alable, on risque de manquer du recul n\u00e9cessaire pour intervenir. C&#8217;est pour cela que nous avons d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d&#8217;int\u00e9grer cette post-\u00e9dition en fin de cursus.\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0(Mathile Fontanet in Argiroffo, 2024, https:\/\/www.rts.ch\/info\/sciences-tech\/)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0644 (Laval) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0651\u0631 (\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (Jimen\u00e9z-Crespo\u060c 2025) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0651\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629\u064d \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649ChatGPT\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 Zotero (\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629)\u060c \u0648Mendeley (\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629)\u060c \u0648Quillbot (\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 (https:\/\/grammarly.com).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>The 4 Cs: Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, Communication.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651 \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 Translation and Scientific Research in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Prospective Study \u0623.\u062f. \u0644\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a[1]\u2013 \u062f. \u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0627[2] Prof. Layal Merhy -Dr Eliane Mhanna \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645 27\/ 8\/ 2025 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 30\/9\/2025 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 PDF \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[47,61],"tags":[62],"class_list":["post-1071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-47","category-61","tag-62"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1071"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1125,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1071\/revisions\/1125"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1032"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.al-manafeth.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}